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Cardiology > Measurement of simulated respiratory deficits > Flashcards

Measurement of simulated respiratory deficits Flashcards

1
Q

Vital capacity definition?

A

Maximum volume of air that can be expired following the deepest intake of breath.

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2
Q

RV- RESIDUAL VOLUME DEFINE?

A

Volume of air in your lungs after fully exhaling

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3
Q

Total lung capacity?

A

the volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of maximal inspiration.

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4
Q

Peak expiratory flow rate define?

A

How fast a person exhales.

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5
Q

FEV1 - forced expiratory volume in 1 second?

A

The volume of air that can be forced out in one second after taking a deep breath.

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6
Q

FRC - functional residual capacity.

A

The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a natural exhalation(passive)

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7
Q

FVC - Forced vital capacity-define?

A

Volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after taking the deepest intake of breath ( total amount of air exhaled during FEV test)

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8
Q

What are obstructive conditions?

A

Inability to expel air completely from the lungs. Characteristic trait - narrowing of the pulmonary airways.
EFFECTS
Increased RV
(more air left in lungs , trapped air leads to hyperinflation)
Exhalations take longer and are shallower.

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9
Q

Reason for obstructive pathologies?

A

Narrowing of pulmonary airways caused by :
constriction of smooth muscle in airway.
Inflammation of lung lining.
Mucus secretion leading to impaired flow.
Loss of structural integrity of the airways.

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10
Q

Examples of obstructive lung conditions?

A

COPD - Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

  • Asthma
  • bronchiolitis- irreversible lung disease
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Broncheitasis - lung disease- widening/dilating of the bronchi - characterised by wheezing and coughing.
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11
Q

What is COPD?

A

obstructive lung disorder.
Progressive inflammatory disease causes difficulty breathing. Caused by restriction of airflow in and out of the lungs.
Includes emphysema - destruction of air sacs (alveoli- break down of the inner walls - hole formation weakening internal structure. destroys elasticity of airways leading up to air sacs causing air sacs to collapse trapping oxygen in lungs. Does not get to bloodstream.
- Chronic Bronchitis - Inflammation of airways (trachea and in large and small bronchi). Caused by infection or irritation.

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12
Q

What are restrictive diseases?

A

Difficulty expanding the lungs when inhaling - hard to fill lungs with air.

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13
Q

What causes restrictive diseases?

A

Intrinsic factors- Stiff lung e.g. lung tissue thickens due to weakened / damaged muscle and nerves.

Extrinsic factors- Pressure from enlarged abdomen limits expansion of lungs.

Neurological factors -e.g. muscular dystrophy - disorders that involve muscle weakness and wasting. Interferes with movement of the lungs.

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14
Q

Examples of restrictive conditions - intrinsic

A

Intrinsic (inside the lungs)-
-Pneumonia - inflammation/swelling of the lung tissue in one or both lungs - normally caused by bacterial infection. Air sacs inflamed and fluid filled.

  • Tuberculosis - bacterial infection.
  • Pulmonary fibrosis - scarring of the lungs. alveoli scarred - cannot expand and contract properly during breathing.
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15
Q

Examples of restrictive conditions - extrinsic

A

Extrinsic - originate outside the lung

  • Rib fractures
  • Pleural effusion - accumulation of excess fluid in pleural space.
  • Pleurisy - inflammation of pleural membranes.
  • Scolosis - S shaped curve of spine.
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16
Q

Examples of restrictive conditions - neurological

A

Neurological - caused by disorders of the nervous system.

Paralysis of diaphragm
-muscular dystrophy

17
Q

What is a peak flow meter used for and how do you use it ?

A

Used to monitor Asthma- measure peak expiratory flow rate.

  • Tight seal around mouth piece.
  • Stand or sit up straight when taking the reading.
  • Best of 3 - compare to predicted/normal values ( dependent on age and height)
18
Q

What can a peak expiratory flow rate reading tell you?

A 
percentage of normal 
Aiming for above 80%
- 50-75%- moderate exacerbation(worsening of symptoms)
-33-50%- acute severe
-below 33% - life threatening episode.
19
Q

How does an Obstructive lung condition effect the FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Decreases - below 0.70 (70% - normal)
FEV1 - decreases as it takes longer to push air out of the lungs
FVC decreases to a greater degree than FEV1, that is why ratio decreases.

20
Q

How does an restrictive lung condition effect the FEV1/FVC ratio?

A

Restrictive - FEV1/FVC normal or above 0.70
- FEV1 remains normal or decreased
- FVC - decreases
FEV1 and FVC decrease by a similar degree so ratio stays roughly the same.

Cardiology (7 decks)

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