measurement exam -orange

Question 1

what is (minimal) error propagation ?

Answer 1

Propagation of Error (or Propagation of Uncertainty) is defined as the effects on a function by a variable’s uncertainty

Question 2

Name some measurement tools for kinematics

Answer 2

cameras, high-speed cameras, stereoscopic camera systems, depth-cameras, accelerometers, inertial
measurement units, electro-goniometers, electro-magnetometers, radar, etc.

Question 3

Define shutter speed

Answer 3

the nominal time for which a shutter is open at a given setting.

Question 4

What are IMUs used for ?

Answer 4

an electronic device that measures and reports a kinetics and/or kinematics of the movement.

Question 5

IMU practical

Answer 5

Sensors where placed onto the participant and the sensors formed an image of the lower body, because they are relative to each other.

Question 6

Describe the applications of Force.

Answer 6

Force has many applications in physiology for example, internal force due to the muscles and blood pressure or external forces in another dimenson being gravity or impacts. However within sport engineering and biomechanics force is generally studied to improve performance and reduce injury risk.

Question 7

What is dynamic friction?

Answer 7

Dynamic friction is another name for kinetic or sliding friction. It is the friction which acts when one surface is in motion over the another with contact.

Question 8

Describe the point of force application on a GRF plate

Answer 8

Force is only measured by a vertical vector. so only force applied vertically is measured.

Point of force application: force vector originates from ‘singular point’
• GRF vectors have three orthogonal components (e.g. vertical, anterior-posterior and mediolateral) originating at a single point

Question 9

what are the disadvantages of the above answer to a human

Answer 9

it will neglect how humans respond to equipment. - ergonomics.

Question 10

what is pressure

Answer 10

Pressure (p) provides a spatial dimension to force measurement: p = F / A.

Area (A) is defined by a plane (i.e. flat, two-dimensional surface)
• Forces (F) that are normal (i.e. perpendicular) to the plane exert a pressure

Question 11

what is static pressure in fluid mechanics

Answer 11

Static and dynamic definitions of pressure; these are not typically referred to in sport and
exercise, but are common in flow-related sciences/fluid mechanics (important to be aware of)
» Static pressure is the pressure in a flow field at the point of zero speed of flow and that dynamic pressure is the impact pressure due to fluid particle motion. Total pressure is the sum
of static and dynamic pressures (Hjelmgren, 2002)

Question 12

what is 3D body scanning and uses

Answer 12

uses: ergonomics analysis and fashion design. e.g. designing chairs for tables for normal, comfortable fit.

Question 13

Kianthropometry assessment tools

Answer 13

3D body scanning
Skin fold techniques
Height taking

Question 14

what does GPS stand for.

Answer 14

global positioning system

Question 15

What things are important for GPS/LPS to measure.

Answer 15

• Performance variables
• Performance metrics
• Player workload. (these will help to provide insight into how to reduce and record player injury risk etc).

Question 16

define anthropometry

Answer 16

the scientific study of the measurements and proportions of the human body.

Question 17

define interface

Answer 17

the Camera Interface block is the hardware block that interfaces with different image sensor interfaces and provides a standard output that can be used for subsequent image processing.