measure and monitor BP Flashcards
artery or vein for a pulse
artery
the pressure within arteries
blood pressure
the pressure within veins
central venous pressure CVP
hypotension is usually due to what 5 things
anesthesia, drugs, toxins, hemorrhagic shock, dehydration
hypertension is usually due to what 3 things
kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, metabolic change
if BP rises too high, organs can
be over perfused or undergo barotrauma
what is barotrauma
sensory nerve becomes damaged where you cannot lower bp on your own.
what must be considered when evaluating a BP
species, gender, age, intact? season
effect of white coat syndrome
increased blood pressure
bp above/below mandates intervention
above- 180/120 mmHg
below- 70/40 mmHg
what to do if bp is extremely low
increase fluids, decrease depth of anesthesia
systolic range and diastolic range
systolic- 90-160 mmHg
diastolic- 50-90 mmHg
MAP stands for
mean arterial pressure
normal MAP awake vs anesthetized
awake- 85-120 mmHg
anesthetized- 70-99 mmHg
highest pressure exerted/ lowest pressure exerted
highest- systolic pressure
lowest- diastolic pressure
the average pressure through the cardiac cycle
MAP
the best indicator of perfusion that is most important during anesthesia
MAP
calculating MAP
diastolic pressure + ( sys - dia / 3)
direct vs indirect - which one is used more in vet practice? research and referral practice?
indirect is used in vet practice
direct- research and referral practices
direct
more accurate, more painful- placement of indwelling catheter.
placement of indwelling catheter causes
hematoma and infection
indirect
most affordable, non-invasive method
3 methods of indirect
auscultatory
ultrasonic doppler- manual
oscillometric- automatic & prints
the 3 methods of indirect use
an inflatable cuff
how is pressure measured in an inflatable cuff
manometer (sphygomomanometer)
a pressure transducer
what detects blood flow as a change in frequency of reflected sound
doppler flowmeters
how do doppler flowmeters detect blood flow
motion of red blood cells
the probe of the doppler must be separately positioned where on which limb?
distal to the cuff on the same limb
dopplers are more reliable for which measurements
systolic bp
detects pressure fluctuations in the occluding cuff resulting from the pulse pressure
oscillometrics
what is connected with cuff as one piece
unit
which indirect method used only by one technician
oscillometrics
oscillometrics are useful in what 2 patients
anesthetized and critical care patients
what site can you only use oscillometers
cranial tibial arteries
3 sites use with doppler and oscillometers
brachial artery, medial coccygeal, median arteries
most common placement for doppler technique
cuff is placed around median artery
for every 2 cm above/below
above- add 1 mmHg
below- subtract 1 mmHg
what is placed between the carpal and metacarpal pad
the transducer
cuff width is indicated in
mm
cuff width should be -ideal
40% of limb circumference
what position should the pt be in
sternal, lateral
add what to a cats reading
15 mm Hg
few anxiety induced artifacts
visiting the vets
restraint
noise
odor
anxiety can be minimized by
obtaining a bp before the PE, xray, bloodwork
allow the animal to acclimate to its surroundings for
5-15 minutes
weakest point of the manometer
the tip of the manometer where it tapers to fit the stopcock
the direction the white knob is pointed is what position
the off position of the stopcock
the bottom of the manometer is held at the level of the
right atrium
values greater than 10 cm of h2o indicate
venous congestion
increased thoracic pressure
volume overload
volume 8-10 cm of h2o indicate
increase in vascular volume
suspected volume overload
fluid therapy should be slowed or stopped
