intro Flashcards
the primary goal of the surgeon
the correction of disease
the primary goal of the technician
the patients life
what are protozoa and what do they create
protozoa- one celled organisms
create parasitic disease
examples of protozoa
coccidiosis, toxoplasmosis, giardia
plants that must exist as parasites due to their inability to synthesize their own food
fungi
what normally causes skin disease
fungi
major concern when cleaning and sterilizing
bacteria
most surgical and post-surgical complications arise from…
improper care & cleaning
aseptic technique
the prevention of hospital-acquired infections
bed sores
decubital ulcer
3 ways to eliminate or control the source of disease
isolation
quarantine
euthanize
animals ability to resist disease (3 ways)
adequate diet
therapeutic agents (abx, vx)
general hygiene
3 ways to prevent transmission of microbes
wash hands
ventilation
physical/chemical control
methods of sterilization and disinfectant can be classified as either (2 things)
physical or chemical
three types of physical classifications
filtration
radiation
heat
filtration commonly used on … to separate
pharmaceuticals… separate particulate matter from liquids or gases
radiation is used primarily during
production and packaging of certain surgical products
drying- UV light causes mutations of nucleic acid of MO
ultraviolet radiation
rapid and continuous radiation for vaccines, biologicals, gloves
gamma radiation
prepackaged suture material, gloves, rubber tubing
beta radiation
disadvantages of ultra-violet radiation
limited use. damages cornea, skin cancer
kills microbes by coagulating critical cellular proteins
moist heat
kills microbes by protein oxidation
dry heat
which heat is more difficult to control
dry heat
a temperature of ___ C is effective at
60, sanitizing = hot water
what does boiling and free flowing system do
disinfects
steam under pressure when used properly
kills all forms of microbial life, sterilizes.
autoclave- pressure in steam jacket rises to
15 psi
temperature, time, psi of autoclave
250-270 F
30 minutes ( 15 minimum)
15 psi
at what temp can the autoclave door be opened
212
why cant we use tap water in the autoclave
tap water contains minerals that deposit inside and clog
how long does the drying cycle run for
1 hour
flash sterilization - temp, time, psi
270-272 F
3-4min
psi 32
successful sterilization depends on 3 factors
proper operation of autoclave, proper pack prep, proper chamber loading
microbes need ______- to grow and multiply
water
which heat will not rust of corrode needles or sharp instruments
drying heat
incineration
complete destruction of non-reusable items
hot air ovens are used for
sterilization
advantages of hot air ovens
economical, wont dull objects, no corrosion, sterilizes oils gel powdery subst.
disadvantages of hot air ovens
takes longer. burns/melts.
temp, time of hot air ovens
150-170 F
1-3 hours
2 types of liquid sterilization used with cold tray
gluteraldehyde
chlorhexidine
gluteraldehyde( tissue)
wear gloves
wash instruments
no living tissue
diluted
chlorhexidine
diluted solution
2 gases that cant tolerate high temps/steam
ethylene oxide
hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
the effect of ethylene oxide- preventions
inactivates DNA, prevents cell reproduction
disadvantages of EO
slow, explosive, flammable, poisonous NEED VENTILATION
air out items for 7 days
what is used to replace EO
hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
disadvantage of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma
cannot penetrate walls of hollow instrument
types of sterilization indicators
chemical, autoclave tape
biological indicators are impregnated with
bacillus stearothermophilus
bacillus stearothermophilus is used in … takes how long
mass production sterilization.. 2 days
what is liquid cold sterilization used for
items that cannot be autoclaved, used for dirty or minor procedures.. can dull objects
how often cold sterilization solution should be changed
every 2 weeks
inanimate items are ___and used for
disinfectant- cages, counters, floors
animate items are ___ and used for
antiseptic- wounds, surgeons hands, surgical site
phenol, quaternary ammonium, aldehydes, alcohols are what
inanimate
halogens, biguanides (chlorhexidine) soap, detergents are what
animate
phenols contain
carbolic acid- hexachlorophene
lysol is considered a
phenol
quaternary ammonium should not be mixed with
bleach
what could be used in larger amounts to kill parvovirus
quaternary ammonium
formaldehyde is used for fixing
tissue for pathology test
aldehydes are
toxic and irritating
what alcohol is not to be used on patients
99% isopropyl
99% isopropyl is useful for
disinfecting suture material
common surface disinfectant
chloride - bleach
3 things that are cytotoxic
chloride, alcohol, aqueous solution
iodines are only used on what kind of skin
intact skin
2% iodine/50% ethyl alcohol
Tincture
why is aqueous sol’n cytotoxic
it contains higher levels of free iodine- greater bacteriocidal activity
idophors is iodine combined with a ..
carrier molecule
what is more commonly used in vet practices
idophors
idophors is available how
as a scrub or solution
biguanides examples
aqueous solutions, detergent
used on living tissue
aqueous solution - nolvasan solution
used on surfaces only
nolvasan-S
nolvasan scrubs are used
patient, hands of surgeon. PRE-OP
are there ideal chemical disinfectants?
NO
sanitizes
hot water, free flowing
sterilizes
heat, steam under pressure, hot air ovens, liquid cold tray
