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MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY Flashcards

1
Q

both the past and the study of the past

A

HISTORY

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2
Q

History is derived from Greek word ______, meaning _______ or ______ or ______.

A

historia
inquiry
knowledge from inquiry
judge

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3
Q

equivalent latin word for history

A

Scientia

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4
Q

“the past of mankind”

A

HISTORY

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5
Q

Science which first investigates and then records in their causal relations and developments such as past human events

A

History

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6
Q

History is
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Definite in time
  2. Social in nature
  3. Socially significant
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7
Q

3 concepts of history

A

HISTORY-ACTIVITY
HISTORY-AS-RECORD
HISTORY-AS-HISTORIOGRAPHY

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8
Q

Why study history?

A

So that we wont be deprived to comprehend about the past. Also, we will be able to examine the past which will tell us a great deal about how we came to be who we are. Additionally, for us to acquire lessons of history/the past.

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9
Q
  • the imaginative reconstruction of the past from the data derived by that process is called
  • the writing of history
A

HISTORIOGRAPHY

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10
Q

They endeavor to reconstruct as much of the past of mankind as he can

A

HISTORIANS

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11
Q

Enumerate the School of Thoughts

A
  1. POSITIVISM (NO DOCS, NO HISTORY)
  2. POST-COLONIALISM
  3. ANNALES SCHOOL OF HISTORY
  4. PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY
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12
Q

-school of thought that emerged between 18th and 19th cent.
- requires empirical and observable evidence before one can claim that particular knowledge is true
-NO DOCUMENT, NO HISTORY

A

POSITIVISM

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13
Q

-school of thought that emerged in the early 20th cent. when formerly colonized nation grappled with the idea of creating their identities and understanding their societies against the shadows of their colonial past

A

POSTCOLONIALISM

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14
Q

TWIO THINGS IN WRITING HISTORY

A
  1. to tell the history of their nation that will highlight their identity, free from that of colonial discourse and knowledge
  2. to criticize the methods, effects and idea of colonialism
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15
Q

school of history born in France that challenged the canons of history.

A

Annales School of History

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16
Q

4 Annales scholars

A

Lucien Febvre
Marc Bloch
Fernand Braudel
Jacques Le Goff

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17
Q

Annales thinkers married history with other disciplines like

A

geography
anthropology
archeology
linguistics

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18
Q

school of thought that underwent several changes since the precolonial period untik the present

A

PHILIPPINE HISTORIOGRAPHY

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19
Q

He introduced the new guiding philosophy for writing amd teaching history: Pantayong Pananaw (for-us-from-us perspective)

A

Zeus Salazar

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20
Q

this perspective highlights the importance of fascilitating an internal conversation and discourse among Filipinos about our own history, using the language that is understood by everyone

A

Pantayong Pananaw (for-us-from-us perspective)

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21
Q

the process of critically examining and analyzing the records records amd survivals of the past

A

HISTORICAL METHOD

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22
Q

intention of acquiring detached and truthful knowledge independent of one’s personal actions
- has independent existence outside of the human mind

A

Objective

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23
Q
  • inferior to objective knowledge
  • based upom personal considerations, may either be untrue or biased
A

Subjective

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24
Q

2 sources of history

A

PRIMARY SOURCES AND SECONDARY SOURCES

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25
Q

an object from the past or testimony concerning the past on which historians depend in order to create their own depiction of the past

A

Sources/ historical sources

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26
Q

according brundage, it is the tangible remains of the past

A

Sources/Historical sources

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27
Q

If the materials are archaelogical, epigraphical, or numismastical materials, historians must depend largely on

A

MUSEUMS

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28
Q

If materials are official records, historians may search for them in

A

ARCHIVES, COURTHOUSES, GOVERNMENT LIB.

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29
Q

If materials are private papers not available in official collections, historians may look among the

A

papers of business houses, rooms of old houses, prized possesions of autography collectors, record of parish churches

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30
Q

a document or physical object object which was written or created during the time under study

A

PRIMARY SOURCES

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31
Q

4 CATEGORIES OF PRIMARY SOURCES

A

Written sources
Oral Testimonies
Artifacts
Images

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32
Q

-Interprets and analyzes primary sources.
-these sources are 1 more steps removed from the event

A

SECONDARY SOURCES

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33
Q

Differentiate Primary Sources from Secondary Sources

A

Primary source is the testimony of the one who/that was present at the events he or it tell while Secondary source is produced by a contemporary of the events it narrates. Secondary souces need not to be original.

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34
Q

5 qualities of an Original Source

A
  1. Contains fresh and creative ideas
  2. Not translated from the languages in which it was first written
  3. It is in its earliest, unpolished stage
  4. Its text is approved text, unmodified and untampered
  5. Earliest available source of the information it provides
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35
Q

PRIMARY OR SECONDARY
autobiographies

A

PRIMARY

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36
Q

diaries, personal letters, corrsepomdence

A

PRIMARY

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37
Q

Indexes and abstracts

A

SECONDARY

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38
Q

Interviews, surveys and fieldwork

A

PRIMARY

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39
Q

History Books

40
Q

Literature reviews

41
Q

Photographs, drawings, posters

42
Q

Birth certificates, Property deeds, trial transcript

43
Q

Dictionaries

44
Q

encyclopedia and atlas

45
Q

Commentaries and treatises

46
Q

magazines, books, and newspaper, ads published at the time

47
Q

textbooks

48
Q
  • raw materials out of which history may be writtem
    -objects, other that words that the historian can study
    -they are the results of events such as manuscript, ruin, other archaelogical or anthropological remains
49
Q

What can be derived from artifacts

A

Historical Truths

50
Q

written source of historical infos as contrasted with oral testimony or with artifacts, pictorial survivals, archaelogical remains

51
Q

reserved for only official and state papers such as treaties, laws, grants, deeds

52
Q

any process of proof based upon any kind source whether written, oral, pictorial, and archaelogical

A

DOCUMENTATION

53
Q

an account of individual experience which reveals the individual’s actions as human agent and as a. participant in social life

A

Human document

54
Q

any self-revealing record that intentionally/unintentionally tields info regarding the structure, dynamic and functioning of the author’s mental life.

A

PERSONAL DOCUMENT

55
Q

2 important archaelogical undertakings in the Philippines (before 1926)

A

(1) ALFRED MARCHE (1881). Worked in Marinduque and explored other sites in central Philippines. most of his collections were surface finds.
FEODOR JAGOR. Reported having encountered a priest in Naga, Camarines Sur who collected artifacts from Ancient Graveyards.

(2) between 1922 and 1925.
CARL GUTHE. Collected Chinese ceramics exported to the Philippines from China that would aid in the reconstruction of Philippine-Chinese relationship.

56
Q

the result of the pioneering work of Henry O. Beyer

A

From 1926 to the outbreak of the 2nd World War

57
Q

He worked on the Post-war excavations in Masbate island from 1951-1953

A

Wilhelm Solheim II

58
Q

Both worked in the National Museum of the Philippines who undertook excavations in the caves of Cagraray, Albay, and Sorsogon

A

Robert Fox amd Alfredo Evangelista

59
Q

The first extensive post-war archaelogical work

A

Calatagan diggings

60
Q

In 1963-1964, he assisted the National Museum conducted excavations in Kulaman Plateau

A

Marcelito Maceda

61
Q

Marcelito Maceda

A

recovered a number of limestone burial jars

62
Q

He reported in 1966 the presence of limestone burial jars in several caves located north of Kulaman Plateau while doing ethnographic work

A

Samuel Briones

63
Q

He carried out archaelogical research in Sanga-Sanga Tawi-Tawi

A

Alexander Spochr (1967)

64
Q

He returned to Ifugao to document the dates the scholars gave to the rices terraces

A

Robert Maher(1973)

65
Q

Dating the rice terraces site, ________ tests were performed which revealed a date between ________BP

A

RADIOCARBON-14
800±1000

66
Q

Felix Keesing’s suggestion

A

People of Central Cordillera moved into the interior as a result of Spanish presure

67
Q

It was done by the archeologists of the Nat. Museum was the most dramatic among others

A

Archeological diggings in Tabon amd other caves in Palawan

68
Q

It was reinforce by the preliminary findings of the Ateneo de Manila University group in the Lemery-Taal sites.

A

Cagayan Valley theory

69
Q

2 dating techniques used in the Philippines

A

TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE
MODERN TECHNIQUE

70
Q

this technique employs carbon-14 determinations of organic samples recovered in archaelogical sites

A

MODERN TECHNIQUE

71
Q

this technique establishes dates on the basis of historical records, nature of artifacts and geological layers where the artifacts are found

A

TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE

72
Q

They had caused damaged to archeological sites

A

Antique collectors and pothunters whole collection of prehistoric materials for sale

73
Q

term used for unsystematic diggings of prehistoric sites by private collectors and untrained individuals

A

Pothunting

74
Q

Discovered in 1989
Lumbang River, Lumban municipality, Laguna province
10th century A.D.

A

LAGUNA COPPER PLATE

75
Q

Investigated between 1962-1965 in Lipuun Point, Palawan
890-710 B.C.

A

MANUNGGUK JAR

76
Q

Discovered in 1960’s in San Antonio, Oton, Iloilo
14th-15th century AD

A

OTON DEATH MASK

77
Q

used to determine the authenticity or genuineness of a historical document
- useful in internal criticism

A

EXTERNAL CRITICISM

78
Q

external cristicism

A

authorship
time
place
purpose and circumstances or composition
what part of the document is true to the original

79
Q

Purpose of external criticism

A

to detect forgeries and hoaxes
to detect authorship, time, filiation of documents
to detect incorrect borrowings
to detect inventions and distortions

80
Q

the process of determining the true meaning and value of statements contained in a document

A

Internal criticism

81
Q

P A S T

A

Purpose - What was the object used for? What does the text say? What does the picture show?

Author- Who created this

Slant- Is there bias? what is the POV or frame of reference of the source

Time period - When was it created? What is the historical context or what was happening at the time it was created

82
Q

Is History a Science or one of the Humanities

A

History is considered to be a hybrid of the humanities and science. This is because it uses the tools and methods of both. It uses scientific method which is not odd to the sciences which is also applicable to historh and the social sciences. It also uses disciplines in humanities such that it helps study aspects of human society and culture.

83
Q

only part of what was observed in the past was

A

REMEMBERED

84
Q

only part of what remembered has

85
Q

only part of what recorded has

86
Q

only part of what has survived

A

has come to the historian’s attention

87
Q

only part of what has come to their attention is

88
Q

only of a part of what is credible has been

89
Q

only a part of what has been grasped can be

A

EXPOUNDED OR NARRATED BY THE HISTORIAN

90
Q

8 CONCEPTS OF HISTORY

A

CONCEPT OF
- CHANGE
-CONTINUITY
-MULTIPLE CAUSATION
-SIGNIFICANCE
-SOURCES
-EVIDENCE
-FRAMEWORK
-CONTEXT

91
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
There is no single understanding of truth in history

92
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Different historians reach exactly same conclusions about the same period, event or issue

A

FALSE. (different conclusions)

93
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
History is stagnant.

A

FALSE (history is always changing)

94
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
History is composed of competing and conflicting arguments and viewpoints

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
The past of mankind for the most part is beyond recall because of the incompleteness of records

96
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Artifacts are not the essence of the study

HISTORY (5 decks)

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