MDTS--- CARDIO-RESP--NEURO Flashcards
Absent/diminished breath sounds Tall/Young 20-40 Y/O smoker Can happen at rest Possible trauma Sharp/stabbing on inspiration pain decreased tactile fremitus
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Trauma/injury chest wall hypotension FLATTENED NECK VEINS pulse pressure low Respiratory distress Tachypnea, hypoxia dullness to percussion decreased breath sounds
Hemothorax
Heart rate 150-240 Regular Rate/Rhythm Palpations Mild chest pain SOB/Syncope EKG: 1.Narrow QRS no P wave
SVT
Stressed/Caffeinated
heavy TAB/ETOH
Physical discomfort, delirium, pain, uremia
depression, bipolar
Sleep disorder
Fever, HA, NECK PAIN, Nuchal rigidity, Mental status changes POS brudzinsky Petechia palpable purpura photophobia
Meningitis
Fever, HA, Nuchal rigidity altered mental status
BEHAVIORAL CHANGES
motor/sensory deficits
speech/movement disorder
Encephalitis
head pain Women>men daily bilateral vise like neck and back of head
Tension HA
head pain middle age men Men> women Pain around eye/temple comes and goes happens in groups and disappears
Cluster HA
head pain gradual build up AURA focal disturbances stars, flashes, zigzag, throbbing unilateral
Migraines
head pain
lasts min or less
patient sometimes has URI
Cough HA
Head pain
History of chronic pain from various injuries/illness
HEADACHE UNRESPONSIVE TO MEDICATION
Medication overuse
> in adolescents MVA, falls, assaults skull fractures 75-95 % Headache pain increase Decrease Neuro exam
Epidural hemorrhage
More common elderly, ETOH abusers
1-2 days after trauma with LUCID INTERVALS
HA, vomiting, anisocoria
dysphagia, CRANIAL NERVE CHANGES
Subdural
Trauma/exercise drugs (cocaine/amphetamine) Severe headache WORST HA OF LIFE altered mental status, LOC seizure, Nausea, meningeal signs
Subarachnoid
Patient history of back pain: herniated disc,
leg weakness “foot drop”
cannot hold foot up
PROBLEM BOWEL/BLADDER
numbness tingling in lower back 1 or both
Cuada equina syndrome
blurry vision
Seeing stars/spots
POS tilt test
MURMUR- S3/S4
Cardiac Syncope
Chest pain, tachypnea, tachycardia,
hypotension unresponsive to fluid
BECKS TRIAD:
HYPOTENSION,JVD, MUFFLED HEART SOUNDS
Pericardial tamponade
Substernal chest pain caused by coxsackievirus /echo virus Auscultation= RUB sound Fever, recent viral sickness PAIN WORS SUPINE BTTER WITH SITTING FORWARD
Pericarditis
New Murmur + Temp Petechia palate splinter hemorrhage osler nodes Janeway lesions roth spots IV drug use Dental surgery
Infectious endocarditis
retrosternal chest pain S3/S4 gallop Insect bites/snake viral infection cocaine/ETOH, PCN SINUS TACHY OUT OF PORPOTTION TO TEMP
Acute myocarditis
Sudden/severe chest pain
RIPPING/TEARING RADIATING TO BACK
hypertensive, syncope
DIMINISHED unequal peripheral pulses
Dissecting Aortic Aneurysm
dyspnea, orthopnea (SOB laying down)
dyspnea on exertion, pulmonary edema, Chronic NON-Productive cough, exercise intolerance, fatigue
expiratory wheezing or rhonchi, decreased S1, Murmurs S3 overload
Left Sided CHF
Peripheral edema, hepatic congestion, abdominal ascites
JVD, Elevated JVP, Hepatomegaly, Ascites (fluid wave on ABD exam) Peripheral pitting edema
Right sided CHF
>smokers air pollution, airway infection, allergies Midline burning chest pain RHONCHI CLEARS WITH COUGHING hemoptysis, wheezing Dry cough becomes wet
Acute Bronchitis
Tachypnea, cyanotic unable to speak in full sentences Accessory muscle usage, fever, cough, Decreased O2 Sat
Hemoptysis
Fever, chills, sweats, chest discomfort, dyspnea, rales, cough-W-W/O mucus Rales-Sounds dullness to percussion --CXR-- 1. parenchymal infiltrates
Pneumonia
Nocturnal asthma mechanical obstruction of airway Depressed CNS by diseases Drug/ETOH usage Fever, wt. loss, malaise Poor Dentin FOUL SMELLING PURULENT SPUTUM
Aspiration Pneumonia/lung abscess
A fib- Most common Due to Emboli/ Thombi sudden loss/reduction of pulses extremities numbness/paralysis Pain pallor Pulseless paresthesia poikilothermic
Acute Arterial Occlusion of Limb
Sudden onset of intermittent (fleeting) chest pain secondary to URI/trauma Fever, myalgia, HA, nasal congestion Ipsilateral shoulder pain FRICTION RUB ON AUSCULTATION
Pleuritic/pleurisy
Acute onset or worsening of dyspnea at rest
rales/rhonchi, expiratory wheezing
PINK FROTHY SPUTUM
—-CXR—
Butterfly patter of distribution of alveolar edema
Pulmonary Edema
Abrupt onset
dyspnea, cough, anxiety
chest pain
low grade fever, hypotension, tachycardia, hemoptysis, DVT signs, pleural friction
Pulmonary Embolism
Cough > 2-3 weeks fatigue, Wt loss, night sweats decreased, tactile fremitus Crackles on inspiration pr after cough CINNAMEN BREATH Recent Travel
Tuberculosis
Clear Rhinorrhea, hyposmia, nasal congestion
Fever, HA, malaise, cough
Scratchy throat
Engorged nasal mucosa
symptoms typically <4days and last less than 4wks
Upper respiratory infection
Abrupt onset Pain in the ear Face feels stiff and pulled to one side cannot close 1 eye UNABLE TO GENERATE FOREHEAD WRINKLES
Bell’s Palsy
