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MDTs Flashcards

1
Q

Three component’s of heart exam?

A

Inspection, palpation, auscultation

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2
Q

What is S1?

A
  • Sytole
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3
Q

What is S2?

A
  • Diastole
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4
Q

What is S3?

A
  • early diastole, murmurs
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5
Q

What is S4?

A
  • late diastole, excess pressure hitting an enlarged ventricle ( makes ventricle smaller). Pressure kick
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6
Q

Characteristics of pressure on vessels

A
  • viscosity
  • stroke volume
  • distention
  • peripheral arteries
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7
Q

JVT should be no more then how many centimeters?

A

9cm

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8
Q

What is a murmur?

A

Turbulent blood sounds in heart

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9
Q

What is a hypoechonic rim around the heart indicate?

A
  • pericarditis or fluid around the heart
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10
Q

Essential vs secondary HTN

A
  • secondary has a known cause
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11
Q

First line of treatments for HTN?

A
  • diuretics, or ace inhibitors
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12
Q

What are symptoms of end organ damage do to HTN?

A

Look up

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13
Q

How to treat HTN emergency?

A
  • IV labeterolol

- reduce BP by 25% within 1-2 hours

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14
Q

Atherosclerotic disease includes?

A
  • CAD, PAD, more?
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15
Q

Most common cause for occlusion of the limb?

A
  • atrial fibrillation
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16
Q

What are the 6 Ps to occlusion?

A

Look up

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17
Q

What is Enoxaparine (levonox) SIG?

A
  • 1 mg/K every 12 hours
18
Q

Definitive treatment for occlusion?

A
  • bypass, STENT, LOOK UP
19
Q

Lower fat percentage for hyperlipidema to what percentage?

A

20- 25 percent

20
Q

Difference between STEMI and NNSTEMI?

A

Look up

21
Q

What does MONA refer too?

A
  • morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin

- Treatment for Acute coronary syndrome.

22
Q

Causes of aortic dissection?

A

-Hypertension bicuspid aortic valve, pregnancy.

23
Q

Hallmark Symptoms of aortic dissection?

A
  • Sudden severe chest pain that radiates to the back often described as Ripping and tearing feeling.
  • unequal or diminished distal pulses
24
Q

What is a type A Dissection? And what is a Type B Disection?

A
  • dissection of the aorta arch, proximal to the left subclavian artery
  • Type B- dissection of the proximal aorta
25
Q

How to treat aortic dissection?

A
  • ABC’s
  • lower blood pressure to 100-120/80
  • First line meds, Beta blockers.
  • Morphine for pain
  • long term beta blockers and anti- hypertensions

Type A- emergency surgery.

26
Q

Characteristics of essential hypertension?

A
  • asymptomatic
27
Q

Physical findings of HTN?

A
  • elevated on 3 or more occasions.
  • long term HTN: displaced PMI, mitral valve murmurs, S4
  • elevated BP
28
Q

Life style modifications for HTN?

A
  • diet high in fruits and vegetables low saturated fats.
  • weight loss
  • Reduce alcohol
  • increase physical activity
29
Q

First line treatments for HTN?

A
  • Diuretics- Hydrochlorithiazide (HCTZ)
  • ACE inhibitors- lisinopril
  • goal: less then 140/90
30
Q

What BP is a hypertension urgency/emergency?

A

Systolic: 220
Diastolic: 125

31
Q

What is considered a hypertensive urgency?

A
  • BP: 220/125
  • no signs of end organ damage
  • optic disk edema

Should reduce BP within a few hours

32
Q

Symptoms of hypertension emergency?

A
  • strikingly high blood pressure
  • mental status changes
  • stroke
  • intracranial hemorrhage
  • urine- proteinuria, hematuria
  • unstable angina, AMI, CHF, aortic dissection.
33
Q

What is unstable angina?

A

Chest pain while resting

34
Q

Treatment for HTN emergency?

A
  • reduce blood pressure by 25% within 1-2 hours
  • reduce BP to lower them 160/110 within 24 hours
  • IV Labetalol 20mg give over 10 minutes. Then 40-80mg q10 minutes, max dose 300mg
35
Q

Treatment for HTN urgency?

A
  • Reduce Diastolic BP to below 110 within 24 hours.
  • if pt already takes diuretic have them take 25mg HCTZ immediately, then restart at prescribed does
  • Start oral alpha blocker or beta blocker (clonidine, labetalol)
36
Q

What is the number 1 killer in the US?

A
  • atherosclerotic coronary artery disease
37
Q

Risk factors for CAD?

A
  • family history
  • Male
  • hyper cholesterol
  • diabetes
  • hypertension
  • smoking
  • overweight
  • physical inactivity
38
Q

Symptoms/Findings of CAD?

A
  • chest pain
  • left shoulder pain
  • heart murmur
  • rales
  • nausea vomiting
39
Q

Life style changes for PTs with CAD?

A
  • increase activity
  • low fat high fruits and veggies diet
  • STOP SMOKING
  • control HTN
40
Q

Treatment for CAD?

A
  • statins
  • aspirin
  • surgical intervention.

Cardio (3 decks)

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