MDT EAR Eustachian Tube Dysfunction, TM PERF Flashcards

1
Q

The _____ is a tube that links the nasopharynx to the middle ear.

A

Eustachian tube

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2
Q

What represents a spectrum of disorders
involving an impairment in the functional valve of the Eustachian tube of the middle ear?

A

Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD)

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3
Q

ETD can be classified as a patulous dysfunction, in which the Eustachian tube is _______ or ________in which there is failure of the tubes to dilate appropriately.

A

excessively open, or dilatory dysfunction

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4
Q

True/False
Under normal circumstances the Eustachian tube is closed but can open to release a small amount of air to equalize pressure between the middle ear and the surrounding atmosphere.

A

True

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5
Q

PT has these issues what would you suspect?
(1) Severe Ear Pain
(2) Fullness or “under water sensation”.
(3) Hearing loss or “muffled hearing”
(4) Tinnitus
(5) “Popping or snapping noises”

A

Eustachian Tube Dysfunction

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6
Q

Differential Diagnosis for ETD

A

(1) Tympanic membrane perforation
(2) Barotrauma
(3) Meniere disease

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7
Q

True/False
Radiologic studies are performed for routine cases.

A

False
not performed for routine cases

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8
Q

What test would you order for conductive hearing loss to established baseline with condition?

A

Audiometric testing

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9
Q

What are some med options for ETD

A

(a) Pseudoephedrine 60mg q4-6h PRN
(b) Oxymetazoline 1-2 sprays each nostril q12h PRN (limit use to 3 days)
(c) Fluticasone propionate (Flonase) 1-2 sprays each nostril daily PRN
(d) Cetirizine (Zyrtec) 5-10mg PO daily PRN
(e) Fexofenadine (Allegra) 60mg PO BID PRN

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10
Q

Routine follow up care PRN for mild ETD cases. Chronic cases, monitor pressure equalization tubes how often?

A

every 6-12 months

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11
Q

Complications for ETD

A

(1) Hearing Loss
(2) Morbidity related to hearing compromise
(3) Chronic ear infections

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12
Q

______ can occur secondary to middle-ear infections or as a result of barotrauma, blunt/penetrating/acoustic trauma, or, on rare occasions, lightning
strikes.

A

TM perforations

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13
Q

When perforation is secondary to blunt or noise trauma, the perforation almost always occurs in the ______, usually anteriorly or inferiorly

A

Pars tensa

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14
Q

What is the largest area of the TM, has only a few cell layers thick and thus is easily torn.

A

The pars tensa

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15
Q

pt has these issues what would you suspect?
Acute onset of pain and hearing loss; associated vertigo or tinnitus (usually transient, unless injury to inner ear); nausea and vomiting; history of recurrent ear infections.

PE findings
Visible perforation of the tympanic membrane; otorrhea (pus, blood, or clear fluid from canal).

A

TM Perf

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16
Q

pt has these issues how would you TREAT this?
Acute onset of pain and hearing loss; associated vertigo or tinnitus (usually transient, unless injury to inner ear); nausea and vomiting; history of recurrent ear infections.

PE findings
Visible perforation of the tympanic membrane; otorrhea (pus, blood, or clear fluid from canal).

A

Foreign material is suspected to remain in the canal or in the middle ear so place on systemic antibiotics.
(a) Augmentin 875 mg PO BID x 7 days OR
(b) Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 7 days

17
Q

DDX for TM perf

A

(1) Barotraumas
(2) Otitis Media
(3) Foreign bodies

18
Q

If there is a TM perf secondary to penetrating trauma what must be done within 24 hours?

A

Refer to an otolaryngologist

19
Q

True/False
TM Perf Patients should be instructed not to allow water to enter the canal of the ear.

20
Q

True/False
Use of earplugs should be avoided to prevent water from entering the affected ear.

A

FALSE
Use earplugs

21
Q

Complications of TM perf

A

(1) Chronic perforations
(2) Ossicular chain disruption (will require middle ear exploration).

22
Q

What would you suspect?
PT has an hx of prolonged eustachian tube dysfunction

Otoscopic examination revealed an epitympanic retraction pocket or a marginal tympanic membrane perforation that exudes keratin debris, or granulation tissue.

A

Cholesteatoma

23
Q

The most common cause of Cholesteatoma is what?

A

prolonged eustachian tube dysfunction, with inward migration of the upper flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane

24
Q

_____ is a benign tumor (composed of stratified squamous epithelium) in the middle ear or mastoid.

A

Cholesteatoma

25
DDx for Cholesteatoma
(1) Inner ear erosion (2) Chronic otitis media
26
What studies is ordered for cholesteatoma?
Computerized tomography (CT) to visualize the bony destruction
27
How is this treated?
Surgical marsupialization of the sac or its complete removal
28
What is the surgical technique of cutting a slit into an abscess or cyst and suturing the edges of the slit, so that the site remains open and can drain freely?
Marsupialization
29
What are complications of Cholesteatoma
(1) Bone erosion (2) Inner ear erosion with facial nerve and intracranial involvement (3) Death