Important stuff? Flashcards
1
Q
Where are cold receptors located
A
EPIdermis
2
Q
Where are warm receptors located
A
dermis
3
Q
Photoreceptors deal with what?
A
Light
4
Q
Nociceptors deal with what?
A
Pain
5
Q
What does Soma mean?
A
Body
6
Q
the cell body of a nerve cell is called what?
A
Soma
7
Q
What are the five primary tastes?
A
Salty
Sweet
Bitter
sour
Umami
8
Q
What CN deal with taste
A
CN 7, 9
9
Q
What CN affect eye movement
A
CN 3, 4, and 6
10
Q
What are the 2 types of fluid inside the eyeball
A
Vitreous Humor
Aqueous Humor
11
Q
What CN is assessed when testing vision?
A
CN 2
12
Q
What is Accommodation in regards to the eye?
A
The ability of the lens to contract or elongate for distance or near vision
13
Q
What structure of the eye (photoreceptor) is responsible for color
A
Cones
14
Q
What part of the eye (photoreceptor) is responsible for shades of gray in dim light
A
Rods
15
Q
of these bones what is touching the TM?
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
A
Malleus
16
Q
The ears have what two main functions
A
Balance and hearing
17
Q
How many bones make up the skull?
A
7
18
Q
What nerves innervate the face?
A
5 and 7
19
Q
What are the lymph nodes
A
Preauricular
Postauricular
Occipital
Sub mental
Sub Mandibular
Parotid
Tonsillar
Anterior Cervical chain
Posterior Cervical chain
Supraclavicular
20
Q
When treating the symptoms of blephritis what would you use?
A
Baby shampoo
21
Q
What is the antibiotic for non contact lens wearers
A
Erythromycin
22
Q
What is the antibiotic for contact wearers
A
Ciprofloxacin
23
Q
Cobblestoning may indicate what
A
Allergic reaction
24
Q
Your patient has conjunctivitis with yellowish green discharge and preauricular lymph node swelling. With an HX of not using protection with his/her multiple partners. What would you suspect?
A
gonococcal conjunctivitis
25
are there nociceptors in the brain?
No
26
Heat sensation is felt where ?
Dermis
27
What receptors are in and around synovial joints
joint kinesthetic receptors
28
What CN are responsible for taste
7 and 9
29
What are the layers of the eyeball
Fibrous tunic
vascular tunic
retina
30
What fluid is found in the anterior chamber of the eye
Aqueous Humor
31
Vitamin A deficiency would lead to what?
Night blindness
32
What part of the internal ear:
Is part of the temporal bone and is divided into the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals and contains a fluid called perilymph, which surrounds the membranous labyrinth.
bony labyrinth
33
What part of the internal ear:
Is a series of sacs and tubes in the same general shape as the bony labyrinth and contains a fluid called endolymph
membranous labyrinth
34
Nerve impulses from the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII) pass to the midbrain and thalamus and ultimately go to the ______
primary auditory area in the temporal lobe
35
The equilibrium pathway to the brain includes the vestibular branch axons of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve which, enters the What?
medulla or the cerebellum
36
The receptor organs for equilibrium are in the internal ear. They are the ______ and ______.
the saccule, utricle
37
How many lyphatic branches are in the head
10
38
if you hear bruits on the temoral area what is it?
temporal ateritis
39
grittiness on the thyroid is what?
Thyroiditis
40
thyriodoglossal duct cyst can cause what
dysphagia
41
what are 2 divisions of the conjunctive
bulbar and palpebral
42
goiter and bulging eyes may indicate what?
Graves diseaseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
43
what cn Controls the lateral rectus muscle
CN VI
44
What CN controls the medial rectus muscles
CN III
45
What is if called when the eyes are bulging out
Exophthalmos
46
What condition is responsible for vision loss greater than 24 hours (most common)
Diabetes
47
What is loss of half of the field of view on the same side in both eyes?
-Lesion arising in optic nerve radiation on either side of the brain
Homonymous hemianopia
48
Defective vision or blindness in ½ of the visual field
Hemianopia
49
Loss of visual fields closest to the temples
a) Usually pituitary tumor
b) Interrupts optic chiasm
Bitemporal hemianopia
50
What is it called when a drug causes hearing loss
Ototoxic reaction
51
vertigo and dizzyness from a medication is what
ototoxic
52
what is the Centor criteria and what is it for
Lack of cough
Fever
Exudates on the tonsils
Lymphadenopathy
STREP
53
a positive Rhine test is what?
2:1
54
How do you treat Auricular Hematoma
I&D
55
What are the instruments of choise for Ear foreign body
loops/scoops, right angle hook, and alligator forceps
56
Live foreign bodies you should do what
Drown it with lidocaine
administer antibiotics
57
For cleaning a cerumen impaction what is the biggest risk of using a catheter
TM PERF
58
For cleaning a cerumen impaction what is the biggest risk of using fluids
Vertigo and nausea
59
should you medivac mastoiditis?
YES
60
mastoiditis is a complication of what?
otitis media
61
Otitis externa is caused by what?
Pseudomonas
62
otitis externa is also known as what?
Swimmers ear
63
Treatment for Otitis Externa
Neomycin/Polymyxin B plus hydrocortisone (Cortisporin Otic)
4 drops in affected ear TID-QID
64
How do you treat Ottitis media
Amoxicillin 1000mg TID x 5-7 days OR
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (Augementin) 2000mg/125mg PO BID x 5-7 days
PCN allergy
1) Ceftriaxone 1-gram IM one dose OR
2) Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x10 days
65
pt complains of Fullness or “under water sensation”. what would you suspect?
Eustacian tube disorder
66
What would you give a pt of they have a pcn allergy
Doxycycline
Septra
Clindamycin
67
What would you suspect?
-Acute onset of pain and hearing loss; associated vertigo or tinnitus (usually transient, unless injury to inner ear); nausea and vomiting; history of recurrent
ear infections
-Visible perforation of the tympanic membrane; otorrhea (pus, blood, or clear fluid from canal)
TM perf
68
True/False
For a TM Perf Spontaneous healing occurs in most cases
True
69
What antibiotics would you give for a TM per if Foreign material is suspected to remain in the canal or in the middle ear
(a) Augmentin 875 mg PO BID x 7 days OR
(b) Doxycycline 100mg PO BID x 7 days
70
______ is a benign tumor (composed of stratified squamous epithelium) in the middle ear or mastoid.
-normally preceded by repeat infections of otitis media
Cholesteatoma
71
what is the #1 cause of barotrauma?
Flying
72
How would you treat barotrauma?
Treat symptoms
-Pseudoephedrine
73
Cochlea – coiled structure containing the organ of Corti, transmits sound impulses to what CN?
8
74
What is the convergence of small fragile arteries and veins, located on the anterior-superior portion of the septum
MC source of anterior nosebleed
Kiesselbach’s plexus
75
MC source of posterior nosebleed
Sphenopalantine artery
76
what is the first course of action for epistaxis
Direct pressure by compression of the nares continuously for 15 minutes (most cases of anterior epistaxis).
77
What is used to reduce the risk of toxic shock syndrome developing while the packing remains in place at least 5 days?
Anti-staphylococcal antibiotics
Cephalexin (Keflex)
500mg PO four times daily (QID)
or
Clindamycin
150mg PO q 6 hours for 7 days
78
What is the most common complication of epistaxis
Vasovagal syncope
79
WHAT is formed by two rectangular-shaped bones that articulate with the frontal bone, the frontal process of the maxilla, and the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid to form a “tent-like” configuration.
The nasal pyramid
80
What is an afferent pupillary defect
If the second pupil continues to dilate rather than constrict
81
What antibiotics would you give for mastoiditis?
(1) Ceftriaxone 2-4gm IV q24h OR
(2) Levofloxacin 750mg IV QD OR
(3) Cefazolin 0.5-1.5g IV TID
82
True/False
You keep a mastoiditis pt on ship
FALSE
Immediate MEDEVAC
83
Mastoiditis care After MEDEVAC treatment at MTF
(a) Admission for tympanocentesis, and myringotomy
(b) I&D of periosteal abscess
(c) Mastoidectomy may be indicated
84
PT has thesse would would you order for them
Lipid panel
85
What part of the brain controlls smell
Frontal and temporal
86
When using tangential lighting you are looking for what?
Clarity
87
What is this
hypopyon
88
can a hordeolum cause orbital cellulitis?
yes
89
What would you suspect?
Red eye, pain with eye movement, blurred vision, double vision, eyelid and/or periorbital swelling, nasal congestion/discharge, sinus headache/pressure/congestion, tooth pain, infra- and/or supraorbital pain, or hypesthesia.
Orbital Cellulitis
90
can you order an MRI for a patient with a forrenbody that has a rust ring?
NO
91
True/False
You should instruct your Orbit Fx patient to blow their nose
NOOOO
They should not blow their nose
92
IF you patient does not have a red light reflex what does this mean?
Glaucoma or cataracts
93
PT has a nearsighted grey cloud what would you suspect
retinal detachment
94
For a penetrating eye injury you should do wat
Protect the eye, elevate the head 30 degrees
95
pt has dendritic branches in their eye upon examination what would you suspect?
Herpetic lesion
96
What antibiotics are used to treat a corneal ulcer
Ciprofloxacin eye drops
Fluoroquinolone eye drops
MIN 5 DAYS
97
Edu for your pt with barotrauma
aviod more pressure changes
98
Tx of uvitis/iritis
Can idc do this
Dilation/steroids
No
99
What do muscle spindles do
they let you know what muscle is being contracted
100
what is the organism most commonly associated with sialadenitis
What is the treatment
S aureus.
Nafcillin 2gm IV QD
101
Sudden pain when swallowing out of proportion with exam findings
Treatment
**EPIGLITITS
-IV antibiotics
-Steroids
102
Are you at increased risk for retinal detachment if farsighted?
No
103
Are you at increased risk for retinal detachment if nearsighted?
yes
104
Subconjunctival hemorage happens where
Bulbar layer
105
if someone has a black eye and their right eye is stuck looking up independently of the good eye, what muscle would you think has the problem
Ineferior rectus entrapment of damage
106
What is considered fast pain?
Stabbing/sharp
107
______ is also known as the kinesthetic sense or the perception of body movements.
This also allow us to estimate the weight of objects and determine the muscular effort needed to perform a task
Proprioception
108
_____ inform which muscle are contracting
Muscles spindles
109
_____ inform the amount of tension in our tendons.
Tendons organs
110
_____ inform the position of our joints
while doing work.
Joint kinesthetic
111
______ in the middle ear monitors the orientation of the head relative to the ground and positioning during movements.
Hairs cells
112
three types of cells in the olfactory epithelium
olfactory receptor cells,
supporting cells
basal cells
113
What contains the macula and hair cells and supporting cells
utricle and saccule
114
fasciculations on the eyelid may indicate what?
Hyperthyroidism
115
What is anisocoria
inequality of pupillary size
116
What is a Xanthelasma lesion
irregularly shaped, yellow-tinted lesions suggestive
of abnormality of lipid metabolism
117
What is a unit of measurement in describing lesion
size and location on the fundus.
Optic disk diameter
(usually 1.5 mm)
118
Stensen ducts are related to what glands?
parotid gland
119
Wharton ducts open are related to what glands?
Sublingual, submandibular
120
Is a cerumen impaction considered a FOB
No
121
What is the first tx option for cerumen impaction?
irrigation
122
What is the seccond option for cerumen impaction if irrigation fails?
Cerumenolytic
123
do you use alligator clamps on cerumen
No
124
Most common type of conjunctivitis
Viral
125
Erythematous or cobblestone appearance in the conjunctiva
allergic or infectious conjunctivitis
126
What do you always do for an eye issues
Vis acuity test
127
What do you always do for Corneal abrasion, ulcer or ocular foreign body?
fluorescein stain
128
What Freq tuning fork is used for rinne test?
512 Hz
129
Head position during your PE
head tilted or favoring one side
unilateral hearing/vision loss or torticollis
130
What is the route of tears
-Lacrimal gland produces tears that moisten the eye
-Tears flow over the cornea, drain via the canaliculi to the lacrimal sac and duct, and then into the nasal meatus.
131
What is a patulous dysfunction of the Eustachian tube
ETD
in which the Eustachian tube is
excessively open
132
What is Ectropion
lid is turned away from the eye
133
What is Entropion
lid is turned inward toward the globe
134
What is pupillary constriction to less than 2 mm.
pupillary constriction to less than 2 mm.
135
What is pupillary dilation of more than 6 mm and failure of the pupils to constrict with light
Myadriasis
136
If a patient fell and hit their head. They now are experiencing dizziness and vertigo. What part of the brain is effected?
cerebellum
137
What is the definitive treatment for peritonsillar abscess
Needle aspiration
NOT I&D
138
What is a common complication of Nasal trauma
Septal hematoma
139
If you can't give IV antibiotics for orbital cellulitis what would you give?
Augmentin
140
Antibiotic for Sialadenitis
Nafcillin 2gm IV QD
141
How long should you irrigate the eyes
30 min
142
Patient Complains of
Fullness or “under water sensation”.
Eustachian tube dysfunction
143
Mastoiditis definitive care
1. I&D of periosteal abscess
2. tympanocentesis******
3. myringotomy
144
Differential Diagnosis for Tinnitus
(1) Hyperthyroidism
(2) Otitis Media
(3) Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJ)
145
Uncomplicated TM perf treatment
Let it heal by itself
146
Nasal polyps are associated with what conditions
Cystic fibrosis
Asthma
allergies
Aspirin intolerance
Alcohol intolerance
147
Complication of Epiglottitis
Airway obstruction / death
148
What is considered fast pain?
Stabbing/sharp
149
What are the instruments of choise for Ear foreign body
loops/scoops, right angle hook, and alligator forceps
