MDT Flashcards
What organ regulates blood volume?
The kidneys
What hormones are made in the kidneys?
- ADH
- Calcitoral
- Errythropoetin
Where is corsitol and norepinephrine produced in?
The Adrenal Glands
Testes produce what hormone?
Testosterone
How many liters of urine are excreted per day?
1-2 liters per day
What connects the kidney to the bladder?
The Ureter
How much urine needs to be in the bladder to feel the urge to urinate?
200-400 ml
What is the most important cation (Postive charge) in the fluids?
Sodium
Around what day does ovulation occur?
Day 14.
What is the most common surgery conducted for female sterilization?
Tubal Ligation
What method of birth control is used by 50 million worldwide that causes decreased FSH?
Oral Contraceptive Pill (OCP)
What are approximate questions to gather a History of breast mass?
What are the five Ds of the nipple?
- Discharge
- Depression
- Discoloration
- Dermilogical changes
- Deviation
When conducting a PAP smear, how would you position your patient?
Dorsal Lithotomy
Parts of the penis shaft (review the slide)
Broken Penis Definitive treatment
Surgery
How would you treat testicular trauma?
Start with Conservative treatment measures (NSAIDS, RICE) and work your way up.
Scrotal Hematoma treatment?
Is trace blood in a urine a normal finding?
No, you have to address the cause.
How does Kidney stones present?
Flank Pain, Abdominal pain, writing in pain trying to find comfort.
You have a patient with c/c of fever, chills, NVD. You notice an Elevated HR, and a fever. You note Costovertbral angle tenderness and increased WBCs, What do you suspect?
Pyelonephritis
How does Cystitis differ from Pyelonephritis?
Cystitis is less likely to have flank pain as well as systemic symptoms such as Nausea, vomiting or fever. Pyelonephritis typically does have these symptoms.
What are some s/s of Cystitis?
Patient is usually afebrile
* Irrative Voiding symptoms
* Suprapubic discomfort
* Women may have blood in their urine and may appear following sexual intercourse
* Normal Examination otherwise
How does Urolithiasis (Kidney Stones) usually present?
- More common in men aged 20-40
- Localized to flank
- Nausea and vomiting
- patient is constantly moving trying to find comfort
- Normal Vital signs typically
*Costroverebral Angle Tenderness - UA usually presents with Hematuria, mirco or gross.
S/S of Testicular Torsion
- Acute Severe pain
- Absent Cremasteric Reflex on affected side
- Affected side is firm, tender, and higher that the opposite side.
Epididymitis typically presents with what STI for patients under 40?
Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
How does Epididymis typically present?
- Gradual onset of pain
- pain at the tip of penis (urethritis)
- Cystitis (irritative voiding symptoms)
- Fever and scrotal swelling present
- Relief is offered when the patient is laying on their back and scrotum is above the pubic symphysis
What do you give to treat Syphilis?
- Primary or secondary: Penicillin G benzathine, 2.4 million units IM in a single dose
- Tertiary: 2.4 million units of penicillin G benzathine IM weekly for 3 weeks with repeat serologic testing at 6 and 12 months.
Frothy grayish discharge with a “fishy” odor from the vagina is associated with what condition?
Bacterial Vaginalis
What is a prerenal assoicated with?
Decrease or abnormal renal perfusion. Examples include Hypovolemia, Sepsis, Heart Failure.
What is postrenal associated with?
Disease distal to the renal parenchyma. Examples include Obstructions, Prostatic Hypertrophy, Urethral stricture, Bladder stones/tumor, Neurpathic Bladder, and Traumatic Urethral injury.
What are some S/s associated with fibrocystic disease of the breast?
- Women 30-50 y/o
- Painful breast masses that rapidly grow.
- Worsens in pain/increases in size during premenstrual phase.
What are some s/s of fibroadenoma of the breast?
- Women after 20. Benign neoplasm.
- Round/Ovid, rubbery, discrete relatively moveable non tender masses 1-5 cm in diameter.
- Discovered by accident.
S/s of mastitis/breast abscess
- Often occurs during nursing
- Redness, tenderness and induration of the lactating breast.
- Treatment is Antibiotics
Breast Cancer s/s
- Typically found in older white women
- Family Hx of breast cancer
- Painless lump located on the breast
- Later stages include bone pain, jaundice, weight loss.
What is Balanitis?
Inflammation of the glans.
What is Posthitis?
Inflammation of the foreskin.
What is balanoposthitis?
Inflammation of the glans and foreskin.
What birth control is recommended for Sailor who doesn’t want to have kids for the next few years, wants reduction of cramping and menstrual flow.
Intrauterine Device (IUD)
Fournier Gangrene S/s
- Necrotizing fasciitis located in pineal, genital, perianal anatomy
- Fever, pain, edema, erythema of the scotoma or penis.
- Often starts out as a benign infection or abscess.
Fournier Gangrene Eval/Tx
- CT scan
- MEDEVAC
- Fluid Resuscitation
- Antibiotics
The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is associated with what disease, and what is the are effects?
- Syphilis
- Acute fever, headache Muscle aches (myalgias) for the first 24 hours.
Herpes s/s
- Pain, tingling, and burning for the first 2-24 hours
- Following that is HA, Fever, painful inguinal lymphadenopathy, anorexia, or malaise
- Vesicles on a erythematous base with occasional discharge.
*
Herpes Tx
Valacyclovir
Dosage varies on recurrence.
