MDT

Question 1

what is diarrhea ?

Answer 1

• increased stool frequency

- liquidity of feces

Question 2

what is the incubation period of infectious sources that cause diarrhea?

Answer 2

12-72 hours

Question 3

disorders of the what result in increased amounts of diarrhea?

Answer 3

small intestine

Question 4

infectious agents that cause diarrhea by what mechanisms?

Answer 4

• adherence
• mucosal invasion
• enterotoxin production
• cytotoxin production

Question 5

chronic diarrheal illness may be classified as what 6 types?

Answer 5

• osmotic
• inflammatory (or mucosal)
• secretory
• chronic infections (parasites, guardia lamblia)
• malabsorbtion syndroms (celiac, Whipple, chrons, lactose intolerance)
• motility disorders (IBS)

Question 6

What are common causes of frequent bloody, small-volume stools, often associated with fever, abd cramps, tenesmus, and fecal urgency?

Answer 6

• shigella
• salmonella
• E. coli
• E. coli O157:H7
• Entamoeba histolytic (protozoal)

Question 7

what are common viral causes of acute non-inflammitory diarrhea?

Answer 7

• rotavirus
• norwalk
• vibriones
• enterotoxin

Question 8

if diarrhea worsens or persists for more than 7 days, what should you do?

Answer 8

stool should be sent for fecal leukocyte, ovum and parasitic evaluation and bacterial culture.

Question 9

What is the max dose of Bismuth Subsalicylate?

Answer 9

16 tablets or 240 mL/24 hours

Question 10

What area of the GI tract is Ulcerative Colitis limited to?

Answer 10

Colonic mucosa

Question 11

What IBD involves “skip lesions”

Answer 11

Crohn’s

Question 12

What IBD presents with bouts of low grade fever, diarrhea, and lower right quadrant pain.

Answer 12

Crohn’s

Question 13

Where do anal fissures usually occur?

Answer 13

Usually posterior midline

Question 14

If an anal fissure occurs off of the midline, why would it raise suspicion?

Answer 14

Could be symptomatic of more serious disease or sexual assault.

Question 15

What do chronic fissures result in?

Answer 15

Fibrosis and the development of a skin tag

Question 16

How long does it take for anal fissures to heal?

Answer 16

Within. 2 months in up to 45% of patients

Question 17

What spaces can become infected alone or in combination with each other?

Answer 17

• The perianal space
• The interspincteric space
• The. ischiorectal space
• The deep postanal space
• The supralevator or pelvirectal space

Question 18

What age group are anorectal abscesses more common in?

Answer 18

young, middle-ages males

Question 19

What is the hallmark pain associated with anorectal abscesses?

Answer 19

Patient notices a dull, aching, or throbbing pain that becomes worse
immediately before defecation, is lessened after defecation, but persists between bowel
movements.

Question 20

When can an abscess be drained in the clinic vs in the OR?

Answer 20

Isolated, simple, fluctuant perianal abscesses that are not associated with the presence of
any deeper abscesses may be drained in the ED or outpatient setting using local
anesthetics.

Question 21

What is a pilonidal cyst caused by?

Answer 21

Sinus is formed by the penetration of the skin by ingrowing hair, which causes a foreign
body granuloma reaction.