MDT Flashcards
what is diarrhea ?
- increased stool frequency
- liquidity of feces
what is the incubation period of infectious sources that cause diarrhea?
12-72 hours
disorders of the what result in increased amounts of diarrhea?
small intestine
infectious agents that cause diarrhea by what mechanisms?
- adherence
- mucosal invasion
- enterotoxin production
- cytotoxin production
chronic diarrheal illness may be classified as what 6 types?
- osmotic
- inflammatory (or mucosal)
- secretory
- chronic infections (parasites, guardia lamblia)
- malabsorbtion syndroms (celiac, Whipple, chrons, lactose intolerance)
- motility disorders (IBS)
What are common causes of frequent bloody, small-volume stools, often associated with fever, abd cramps, tenesmus, and fecal urgency?
- shigella
- salmonella
- E. coli
- E. coli O157:H7
- Entamoeba histolytic (protozoal)
what are common viral causes of acute non-inflammitory diarrhea?
- rotavirus
- norwalk
- vibriones
- enterotoxin
if diarrhea worsens or persists for more than 7 days, what should you do?
stool should be sent for fecal leukocyte, ovum and parasitic evaluation and bacterial culture.
What is the max dose of Bismuth Subsalicylate?
16 tablets or 240 mL/24 hours
What area of the GI tract is Ulcerative Colitis limited to?
Colonic mucosa
What IBD involves “skip lesions”
Crohn’s
What IBD presents with bouts of low grade fever, diarrhea, and lower right quadrant pain.
Crohn’s
Where do anal fissures usually occur?
Usually posterior midline
If an anal fissure occurs off of the midline, why would it raise suspicion?
Could be symptomatic of more serious disease or sexual assault.
What do chronic fissures result in?
Fibrosis and the development of a skin tag
How long does it take for anal fissures to heal?
Within. 2 months in up to 45% of patients
What spaces can become infected alone or in combination with each other?
- The perianal space
- The interspincteric space
- The. ischiorectal space
- The deep postanal space
- The supralevator or pelvirectal space
What age group are anorectal abscesses more common in?
young, middle-ages males
What is the hallmark pain associated with anorectal abscesses?
Patient notices a dull, aching, or throbbing pain that becomes worse
immediately before defecation, is lessened after defecation, but persists between bowel
movements.
When can an abscess be drained in the clinic vs in the OR?
Isolated, simple, fluctuant perianal abscesses that are not associated with the presence of
any deeper abscesses may be drained in the ED or outpatient setting using local
anesthetics.
What is a pilonidal cyst caused by?
Sinus is formed by the penetration of the skin by ingrowing hair, which causes a foreign
body granuloma reaction.
