A & P Flashcards
Describe pancreatic juice and what is it made up of?
clear, colorless liquid made up of three enzymes contains mostly water, some salts, and sodium bicarb
What is a retroperitoneal organ that lies behind the stomach?
pancreas
what does pancreatic amylase digest?
starch
What does trypsin and chymotrypsin digest?
Protein
What attaches to the large intestine at the ileocecal sphincter?
Ileum
What contains lysosomes and kill bacteria protecting the mouth from infection?
Saliva
What attaches to the pyloric sphincter of the stomach?
Duodenum
What cells produce insulin ?
Beta cells
What chemical is responsible for the brown color of human feces?
Stercobilin
What sits just below the diaphragm, mostly on the right side?
Liver
What is the make up of saliva?
99.5% water and 0.5% solutes
What are the three phases of digestion?
- Cephalic
- Gastric
- Intestinal
Food is pushed through the esophagus via what?
Peristalsis
What hormone is produced by alpha cells in the pancreas?
Glucagon
What is the liver responsible for?
- Carb metabolism
- Lipid metabolism
- protein metabolism
- process drugs and hormones
- excretes bilirubin
- storage of vitamins and minerals
- activation of vitamin D
What lies anterior to the pharynx?
Esophagus
What is the pH of pancreatic juice?
7.1-8.2
What is the length of the small intestine?
10 ft living
21 ft dead
What are the four regions of the large intestine?
- Cecum
- Colon
- Rectum
- Anal canal
What phase of digestion includes the smell, sight, sound, or thought of food that activates neural centers in the brain?
Cephalic
What is a J shaped organ of the GI tract?
Stomach
What part of the Gi tract does the appendix attach too and is the first part of the large intestine?
Cecum
What is necessary for the absorption of B12?
Parietal cells
Where does the stomach sit within the abd cavity?
Extends from the end of the esophagus to the tip of the duodenum.
What are the 4 main regions of the stomach?
- Cardia
- Fundus
- Body
- Pylorus
What is broken down into the ascending, transverse depending, and sigmoid portion?
Colon
What secrets pepsinogen?
Chief cells
What is a pear shaped sac that hangs form the inferior margin of the liver?
Gallbladder
What does pancreatic lipase digest?
trigliceride
What is the major hormonal regulator of HCL secretion and where is it secreted?
Gastrin and secreted by G cells in the pyloric antrum
What is the active digestive enzyme?
Pepsin
What make up the serosa?
- Visceral peritoneum (outermost layer)
- Parietal peritoneum ( lines wall of abd cavity)
- G greater omentum (“fatty apron” drapes over transfers colon and small intestine)
- M Mesentery (binds small intestine to abd wall)
What does ribonuclease digest?
nucleic acid
What are the four layers that form the GI tract?
- Mucosa (Innermost)
- Submucosa (areolar connective tissues, contain blood and lymphatic vessels that absorb food)
- Muscularis (skeletal muscles and smooth muscle)
- Serosa two sub layers
What is a funnel shaped tube, located at the posterior end of the oral cavity?
Pharynx
