MDR

Question 1

What is the equation for Track Error using the 1-in-60 rule?

Answer 1

Track error = (Distance off track x 60)/Distance along track

Question 2

What is the equation for Max Drift?

Answer 2

Max drift = Wind speed (kts) / TAS (nm/min)

Question 3

Draw the MDR clock

Answer 3

Practice + memorize now

Question 4

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 60 degrees?

Answer 4

1/1

Question 5

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 6 degrees?

Answer 5

1/10

Question 6

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 10 degrees?

Answer 6

1/6

Question 7

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 15 degrees?

Answer 7

1/4

Question 8

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 20 degrees?

Answer 8

1/3

Question 9

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 24 degrees?

Answer 9

2/5

Question 10

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 30 degrees?

Answer 10

1/2

Question 11

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 36 degrees?

Answer 11

3/5

Question 12

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 40 degrees?

Answer 12

2/3

Question 13

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 45 degrees?

Answer 13

3/4

Question 14

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 50 degrees?

Answer 14

5/6

Question 15

What fraction of the max drift will be added in the wind angle is 54 degrees?

Answer 15

9/10

Question 16

What are the 4 steps to MDR?

Answer 16

1- Picture the situation (e.g. triangle of velocities)

2 - Heading

3 - Ground speed

4 - Time

Question 17

How is heading calculated using MDR?

Answer 17

1 - Calculate max drift

2 - Calculate actual drift (max drift x clock fraction)

3 - Apply actual drift to track = Heading

Question 18

How is groundspeed calculated using MDR?

Answer 18

1 - Wind speed x Clock fraction (90-wind angle) = Head/tail component

2 - Add/subtract head/tail component to TAS to get GS

Question 19

How is time calculated using MDR?

Answer 19

Time = Distance/speed

Question 20

How can distance be estimated on a map/chart?

Answer 20

Hand measurements (known distances from dimensions in glove, e.g. thumb width, max span, etc)

Map comparisons (compare with features of a known size on the map, e.g. sides of grid squares, MATZ dimensions, ATZ dimensions, etc).

Pre-flight map preparation includes distance-to-go markers or time marks.

Map scale

Question 21

How can heading be estimated on a map/chart?

Answer 21

Visual inspection (bisect or trisect a right angle)

1-in-60 rule (can also be used in conjunction with latitude and longitude graticules)

Comparison with marked tracks/known directions on the map, e.g. drawn and measured tracks, airway centrelines, overprinted VOR radials.

Latitude and Longitude graticules

Question 22

How is the angle for clock use calculated when using MDR to determine GS?

Answer 22

Angle for clock use = 90 - Wind angle

E.g. Wind angle = 35 degrees
Clock angle = 90-35 = 55 degrees

55 on clock = approx. 9/10 of the wind speed

Question 23

What is the Standard Closing Angle (SCA) technique used for?

Answer 23

Regaining track when a position is fixed off-track, but no off-track feature is available to assist regaining track, or when it is impracticable to over-fly an on-track feature.

Question 24

How is Standard Closing Angle (SCA) determined for any groundspeed?

Answer 24

SCA = 60/GS(nm/min)

Note:
For a GS of 3nm/min, SCA = 60/3 = 20 degrees

Question 25

How is SCA used to regain track?

Answer 25

You fly your calculated SCA for one minute for every nm you are off track.

E.g. If you are 2nm right of track with a SCA of 20 degrees (60/GS), adjust your heading by 20 degrees to the Left and fly on this new heading for TWO minutes before re-selecting your original Hdg (taking into account corrections to prevent going wrong again). You should now be back on track.

Note - LOOKOUT and check with features to confirm this.

NOTE - The aircraft should be flown PARALLEL to the required track before applying SCA. This allows for the correct SCA to be applied and provides the correct heading to turn on to once the required track has been regained.

Question 26

How should the aircraft be flown prior to applying Standard Closing Angle (SCA) to get back on track?

Answer 26

Parallel to the required track.

Allows for correct SCA application and also provides the correct heading to turn on to once the required track has been regained.