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CLIN PATH > MCQ_2 > Flashcards

MCQ_2 Flashcards

1
Q

Secretion of glucocorticoids is controlled by release of:
a. ACTH from adrenal gland
b. CRH from posterior pituitary gland
c. ACTH from pancreatic islet β cell
d. ACTH from anterior pituitary gland

A

D

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2
Q

A false positive proteinuria by dipstick method may occur with:
a. Hemorrhage into urinary tract
b. Inflammation within the urinary tract
c. Urine pH >8.5
d. Renal tubular disease

A

C

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3
Q

Hyperglycemia in a young excited cat is likely due to:
a. PTH release
b. Epinephrine release
c. Cortisol release
d. ADH release

A

B

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4
Q

Lab findings in canine hypothyroidism include all of the following except:
a. Hypocholesterolemia
b. Mild-moderate non-regenerative anaemia
c. Decrease in tT4 levels
d. Increase in serum ALP and ALT levels

A

A

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5
Q

In primary hypothyroidism due to thyroid gland pathology, which of the following is expected?
a. An increase in plasma fT4 and tT4 and decrease in TSH level
b. A decrease in plasma fT4 and tT4 and increase in TSH level
c. No change in fT4, tT4 and TSH
d. Decrease in plasma fT4, tT4 and TSH

A

B

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6
Q

In most animals with HAC, the results of LDDST at 4-8 hours post administration of Dexamethasone will show:
a. No suppression of cortisol secretion
b. Marked decrease in blood cortisol concentration
c. Increase in blood tT4 levels
d. Increase in blood TSH levels

A

B

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7
Q

In an animal with adrenal-dependent HAC, ACTH levels are expected to be:
a. Low
b. High
c. Within normal range
d. Initially low then becomes high

A

A

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8
Q

Hypocalcemia can be caused by:
a. Vitamin D toxicity
b. Cholecalciferol- containing rodenticides
c. Increase in PTH-rP levels
d. Hypoalbuminemia

A

D

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9
Q

Increase in Serum ALT activity occurs as a result of:
a. Increased release of the enzyme from injured hepatocytes
b. Increased conversion of the enzyme from an inactive form to an active form in kidneys
c. Increased synthesis of the enzyme in the pancreas
d. Decreased excretion in bile

A

A

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10
Q

Pre-hepatic Hyperbilirubinemia is caused by:
a. Haemolytic anemia
b. Chronic Hepatitis
c. Choleithiasis
d. Hepatic Lipidosis

A

A

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11
Q

In a dog with HAC, the most common CBC abnormality is:
a. Eosinopenia
b. A normal to increased lymphocyte count
c. Lymphopenia
d. Normal to Increased Basophil count

A

A OR C

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12
Q

An increase in serum fructosamine concentration indicates that:
a. Blood glucose levels are persistently low
b. Blood glucose levels are persistently high
c. Blood calcium levels are persistently high
d. Blood calcium levels are persistently low

A

B

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13
Q

Which one of the following is a useful indicator of Hepatocellular injury in Large animals?
a. ALT
b. GGT
c. SDH
d. ALP

A

C

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14
Q

What is the primary purpose of measuring serum bile acids in an animal?
a. To detect renal disease
b. To diagnose Diabetes Mellitus
c. To detect hepatobiliary Dysfunction
d. To detect bacterial overgrowth in GIT

A

C

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15
Q

Which one of the following is expected to occur in a higher concentration in the blood of a young animal compared with an adult?
a. ALP
b. ALT
c. AST
d. SDH

A

A

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16
Q

In a dehydrated dog that is azotemic, the azotemia can be classified as pre-renal if:
a. The azotemia diminishes with fluid therapy
b. The USG is >1.030
c. The USG is between 1.008 and 1.012
d. The USG is between 1.002-1.008

A

B

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17
Q

The diagnostic test of choice for pancreatitis in dogs and cats is:
a. Amylase
b. Lipase
c. TLI
d. PLI

A

D

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18
Q

A 1+ bilirubin reaction on the urine dipstick is NOT considered significant in a:
a. Concentrated urine sample from a cat
b. Dilute urine sample from a cat
c. Dilute urine sample from a dog
d. Concentrated urine sample from a dog

A

D

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19
Q

measurement of serum folate and Cobalamin levels is useful for:
a. Diagnosing Hepatocellular disease
b. Diagnosing Iron deficiency anaemia
c. Determining site of intestinal hemorrhage
d. Determining site of intestinal malabsorption

A

D

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20
Q

A 1+ proteinuria in a concentrated urine sample can be found normally in which species?
a. Cat
b. Cow
c. Dog
d. Goat

A

C

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21
Q

The protein pad on the urine dipstick is most sensitive for the presence of:
a. Albumin
b. Bence- Jones proteins
c. Globulins
d. FIbrinogen

A

A

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22
Q

In Hepatic Cirrhosis/ Failure, expected serum biochemistry changes are:
a. Hyperglycemia, decreased [urea], increased [NH4], increased [bile acid (BA)]
b. Hyperglycemia, decreased [urea], increased [NH4], decreased [bile acid (BA)]
c. Hypoglycemia, decreased [urea], increased [NH4], increased [bile acid (BA)]
d. Hypoglycemia, increased [urea], increased [NH4], increased [bile acid (BA)]

A

A

23
Q

The substances that typically increase with muscle injury are:
a. CK, AST, ALT
b. Cholesterol, SDH, Bile Acids
c. Creatinine Kinase, Trypsin, GGT
d. SDH, GGT, ALP

A

A

24
Q

Which breed of dog normally has lower thyroid hormone levels when compared with other breeds?
a) Greyhound
b) German Shepherd
c) Mastiff
d) Doberman

A

A

25
Q

Which of the following electrolyte abnormalities will be seen with severe muscle injury?
a. Hypokalemia, Hypophosphatemia, Hypercalcemia
b. Hypokalemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypercalcemia
c. Hyperkalemia, Hyperphosphatemia, Hypocalcemia
d. Hyperkalemia, Normal Phosphate, Normal Calcium

A

C
ALSO HYPONATREMIA

26
Q

) Which of the following are indicators of Cholestasis?
a. LDH and ALT
b. GLDH and SDH
c. SDH and ALT
d. ALP and GGT

A

D

27
Q

What effect does Aldosterone have on the collecting tubules of the kidneys?
a. Increased Potassium reabsorption, Increased Sodium excretion
b. Increased Sodium reabsorption, Increased Potassium excretion
c. Increased Sodium reabsorption, Increased Calcium excretion
d. Increased Sodium excretion, Increased Calcium reabsorption

A

ANSWER_ B
INCREASED NA AND CL REABSORBTION

EXCRETE K AND H

28
Q

In cats with Hyperthyroidism, the most notable/ consistent Biochemical change is Increase in:
a. Albumin
b. Creatinine Kinase
c. ALT
d. Sodium

A

C
THE LIVER ENZYMES

29
Q

Isosthenuria refers to:
a. Urine that has a higher osmolality than glomerular filtrate
b. Urine that has a lower osmolality than glomerular filtrate
c. Urine with an osmolality similar to that of glomerular filtrate
d. Urine with the same osmolality as water

A

C

30
Q

In Diabetes Mellitus, all of the follwoing lab changes are commonly observed except:
a. Glucosuria
b. Concentrated urine
c. Ketonuria
d. Ketonemia

A

B

31
Q

Hypercalcemia due to chronic renal failure is most commonly seen in =:
a. Dog
b. Cat
c. Horse
d. Cow

A

C

32
Q

The most likely cause of a 1+ blood reaction in urine sample from an animal that also has pink/red plasma:
a. Hematuria
b. Myoglobinuria
c. Proteinuria
d. Hemoglobinuria

A

D

33
Q

Which of the following will NOT be detected via urine dipstick?
a. Protein
b. Acetoacetate
c. Bilirubin
d. β-hydroxy butyrate

A

D

34
Q

Epithelial cells cast undergo degeneration to 1st from:
a. Hyaline
b. Waxy
c. Haemoglobin
d. Granular cast

A

D

35
Q

Which of the following species increase corticosteroid induced ALP?
a. Dog
b. Cat
c. Cattle
d. Sheep

A

A

36
Q

Which of the following can be used as a marker of positive transfer in a calf
a) ALT
b) GGT
c) AST
d) Serum Amyloid A

A

D
BIOMARKER

37
Q

In hyperthyroid cats, which of the following will be observed following administration of T3 suppression test
a) Marked increase in fT4
b) Marked decrease in fT4
c) Marked decrease in TSH
d) No suppression of fT4

A

D

38
Q

HDDST is used to?
a) Diagnose hyperadrenocorticism
b) Diagnose hyperparathyroidism
c) Distinguishing between ADH and FDH
d) Distinguishing between primary and secondary hypothyroidism

A

ANSWER_A

DIAGNOSE HAC IN CATS

DIFFERENTIATE PDH AND ADH IN DOGS

LDDST IS FOR DIAGNOSIS IN DOGS

39
Q

PTH-p secretion by neoplastic cells will result in
a) Hypocalcemia
b) Hypophosphatemia
c) Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia
d) Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

A

C

40
Q

Which of the following is FALSE regarding hypoglycemia
a) Due to insulin
b) Seen in end stage liver failure
c) Fasting/Anorexia is a common cause
d) Sepsis/endotoxemia results in hypoglycemia

A

PROLONGED STARVATION
INSULINOMA
B IS FALSE

41
Q

Urate crystals can be seen normally in healthy urine of
a) German Shepherd
b) Dachshunds
c) Dalmations
d) Akitas

A

C

42
Q

High number of granular casts in a urine sample are indicative of
a) Hepatic injury
b) Pancreatitis
c) Renal tubular injury
d) cystitis

A

C

43
Q

exposure of urine sample to sunlight/artificial light results in a false
a) Increase glucose
b) Decrease bilirubin
c) Decrease ketones
d) Increase USG

A

B

44
Q

Which one of the following can be used to detect a 40% loss in renal function
a) Urea
b) Creatinine
c) USG
d) SDMD

A

AZOTEMIA WITH 75% LOSS
SDMA-40%
ANSWER-ANSWER-D

45
Q

the most common cause of tumor associated hypercalcemia is?
a) Mast cell tumor
b) Lymphoma
c) Fibrosarcoma
d) TVT

A

B

46
Q

Which of the following lab findings is observed with diabetes mellitus and concurrent ketonemia?
a) Metabolic acidosis with an increased anion gap
b) Metabolic acidosis with no change in anion gap
c) Metabolic alkalosis with an increased anion gap
d) Metabolic alkalosis with a decreased anion gap

A

A

47
Q

Which one of the following will decrease in blood due to the presence of inflammation?
a) Globulin
b) Fibrinogen
c) Albumin
d) C reactive protein

A

C

48
Q

Postprandial lipemia is due to an increase in which one of the following in blood?
a) Chylomicrons
b) HDL
c) LDL
d) Phospholipids,

A

A

49
Q

Equine hyperlipidemia is typically due to?
a) Negative energy balance
b) High fat diet
c) Excessive aldosterone secretion
d) Hepatic insufficiency

A

A

50
Q

On serum biochemistry report , the total protein concentration in a dog is 60 and the albumin is 30. What is the globulin concentration?
a) 2
b) 90
c) 1800
d) 30

A

60- 30
D

51
Q

All of the following can cause a falsely high protein concentration by refractometry EXCEPT
a) Hemolysis
b) Increased CK
c) Hyperglycemia
d) Azotemia

A

ANSWER - B
LIPAEMIA
SEVER HYPERGLHYPERGLYCAEMIA
HAEMOLYSIS
SEVERE AZOTEMIA
HYPERNATREMIA
HYPERCHLOREMIA

52
Q

Which of the following will cause only hypoalbuminemia and not affect globulin levels
a) PLE
b) Blood Loss
c) Liver failure
d) PLD

A

BEST ANSWER IS A
POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE
PROTEIN LOOSING ENTEROPATHY

53
Q

which one of the following will cause a polyclonal gammopathy EXCEPT
a) Vaccine
b) Multiple myeloma
c) Pyometra
d) Pancreatitis

A

B

54
Q

If there is delay in performing urinalysis after collection. The urine sample…
a) Can be frozen and analyzed within one month
b) Can be kept at room temperature
c) Mix with acetic acid
d) Refrigerate and analyze in 12-24 hours

A

D

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