MCQ_1 Flashcards
In animals, the most useful indicator of regenerative anaemia is the presence of:
a) Nucleated red cells
b) Howell-jolly bodies
c) Basophilic stippling
d) Polychromasia
D
- POLYCHROMASIA
- ALL POLYCHROMATOPHILS ARE RETICULOCYTES AND RETICS ARE THE BEST WAY
- HOWEL JOWEL CAN ALSO OCCUR IN IMMUNE MEDIATE AEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- INCREASED NUCLEATED RBCs WITHOUT RETICULOCYTOSIS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE REGENERATIVE
In animals, haemoglobinuria occurs when there is:
a) Extravascular haemolysis
b) Saturation of haptoglobin
c) Excess hemopexinproduction
d) Deficiency of heme oxygenase
B- SATURATION OF HAPTOGLOBIN
- INTRAVASCULAR LYSIS> SATURATION OF THE PROTEINS TRASPORTING HB(HAPTOGLOBIN) >FREE HB IS FILTERED THROUGH KIDNEYS AND REABSORBED> UNABSORBED HB IS PASSED IN URINE
- INTRAVASCULAR HAEMOLYSIS NOT EXTRA
In acute blood loss, anaemia is evident because:
a) Red blood cell loss is greater than plasma loss.
b) Red cells are utilized in the formation of thrombi.
c) Fluid shifts from the interstitial space to the intravascular space.
d) Erythrocyte production is markedly reduced as a result of iron loss.
C
- FLUID SHIFTS DONT OCCUR FOR 12-24HRS
- SIGNS OF REGENERATION WILL NOT BE TILL 3-5 DAYS AFTER
- RBC AND PLASMA ARE LOST IN EQUAL PORTIONS
Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Babesia bigemina infection causes both intravascular and extravascular haemolysis.
b) Babesia bovis is more pathogenic than Babesia bigemina because of the greater parasitaemia produced by the former.
c) Babesia bigemina can activate plasma kallikrein, an agent involved in the activation of the coagulation system.
d) Babesia bigemina infections occur primarily in very young cattle.
A. - BOTH INTRA AND EXTRA
BOVIS IS MORE PATHOGENIC THOUGH
The main stimulant of erythropoiesis is:
a) Erythropoietin
b) Tissue hypoxia
c) Interleukin-1
d) The haemopoietic inductive environment
B
TISSUE HYPOXIA
The substrate utilized by porcine red cell for energy production is:
a) Inosine
b) Glucose
c) Glycogen
d) Glucose -6- phosphate
GLUCOSE
COULD BE INOSINE
- GLUCOSE MAKES MORE SENSE
The term “myelocyte sink” refers to:
a) An accumulation of myelocytes in the peripheral blood.
b) Intramarrow myelocyte death due to some measure of ineffective granulopoiesis.
c) Intramarrow myelocyte attrition leading to leukopaenia.
d) A loss of myelocyte from peripheral circulation.
B
In canine parvoviral enteritis the neutropaenia observed is due to:
a) Intramarrow destructionof granulocytes in the post mitotic pool.
b) A shift in the neutrophils from the circulating neutrophil pool to the marginal neutrophil pool.
c) Stem cell injury and the loss of neutrophils via the intestines.
d) Suppression of neutrophil release from the bone marrow.
SUPPOSED TO BE STEM CELL DEATH(PRBLY C)
- INTRAMARROW DISEASE/DAMAGE AFFECTING ALL CELL LINES
- STEM CELL DEATH
- THROMBOCYTOPAENIA - DECREASED PRODUCTION
-
In canine, ehrlichiosis thrombocytopenia occurs as a result of:
a) Immune mediated destruction of platelets and bone marrow hypoplasia.
b) Increase migration of platelets from the peripheral circulculation.
c) Increased microthrombi formation and platelet consumption.
d) Invasion and destruction of megakaryocytes by ehrlichia organism.
A.
- VASCULAR ENDOTELIAL INJURY
- IMMUNE-MEDIATED DESTRUCTION OF PLATELETS
- SPLENIC SEQUESTRATION OF PLATELETS
- BONE MARROW HYPOPLASIA IN CHRONIC CASES
In acute canine leptospirosis, icterus is often seen due to:
a) Extravascular haemolysis
b) Obstruction of the common bile duct
c) Intravascular haemolysis and hepatocellular injury.
d) Disseminated intravascular coagulation and injury to the renal tubules.
C.
- EXTRAVASCULAR /INTRAVASCULAR HAEMOLYSIS
-
In the dog spherocytosis is a significant finding in:
a) Babesiosis
b) Heinz-bodies anaemia
c) Disseminated intravascular coagulation.
d) Immune mediated haemolytic coagulation.
D.
- IMMUNE MEDIATED HAEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
In cattle, persistent lymphocytosis is:
a) Pathognomonic for enzootic bovine leukaemia and involves the B-lymphocytes.
b) A subclinical non-neoplastic manifestation of BLV infection and may also be seen in inflammation in young animals.
c) Seen most commonly in older animals with chronic suppurative lesions.
d) Seen only in young cattle in response to inflammation.
B
- SUB-CLINICAL NON-NEOPLASTIC
- BLV
- YOUNG EXHIBIT IT IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMATION/INFECTION
A leukaemoid reaction maybe differentiated from granulocytic leukaemia in the dog because:
a) Blast forms occur in the latter but not in the former
b) Leukaemoid reaction does not occur in the dog.
c) Abnormal forms of granulocytes occur in the latter but not in the former.
d) Toxic cytoplasmic changes are seen in leukemoid reactions.
D
LEUKAMOID RXN:
- MARKED LEUKOCYTOSIS
- MARKED NEUTROPHILIA WITH SEVERE LEFT SHIFT
- JEUVENILE GRANULOCYTES
- IN DOGS
- TOXIC CYTOPLASMIC CHANGES
In the cow leukopaenia is most likely to occur ….
a) Neutopaenia
b) Eosinopaenia
c) Lymphopaenia
d) Monocytopaenia
C
- DOG, HORSE AND CAT- NEUTROPENIA
- RUMINANTS- LYMPHOPAENIA
In immunohaemolytic anaemia in the dog:
a) Red cell injury occurs when macrophages engulf immunoglobulins M (IgM) altered red cell membranes.
b) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common immunoglobulin involved.
c) Immunoglobulin G (IgG)causes sever injury by fixing complement.
d) Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the most common Immunoglobulin involved.
A.
IN DOG:
- SPHEROCYTOSIS
—–PHAGOCYTOSIS OF ENTIRE RED CELL OR REMOVAL OF PORTION OF MEMBRANE
- AGGLUTINATION
- ACTIVATE COMPLEMENT CASCADE
- IGM AND IGG INVOLVED
NOT FREQUENT IN CATS
- HAEMOPLASMOSIS
- FeLV
LYMPHOSARCOMAS IN HORSES
