MCQ2

Question 1

Vitamins and minerals

Answer 1

• micronutrients because needed in small amounts
• dont provide energy like macronutrients
• allow body to produce enzymes, hormones and things needed for growth and development
• minerals are simple inorganic substances
• vitamins are complex organic substances

Question 2

groups at risk of micronutrient deficiencies

Answer 2

• life stages with growth demands
• older people
• alcoholics
• vegans
• people with malabsorption conditions

Question 3

vitamins overview

Answer 3

fat soluble- A,D,E,K can be stored in body
water soluble- C,B cant be stored for long

Question 4

vitamin A

Answer 4

RNI 700 for men 600 for women
found in liver, fish oils, egg yolk, butter, whole milk, cheese, green yellow and orange vegetables
needed for night/colour vision, healthy skin, prevents free radicals

Question 5

vitamin D

Answer 5

biologically inert and has to go two hydroxylations in body for activation, in liver then kidneys
RNI 10 for all
found in sunrays mostly but also in oily fish, liver etc

Question 6

why do we need vitamin D

Answer 6

absorption of calcium, maintain bone mineralization, reducing inflammation
deficincy is rickets and osteomalacia

Question 7

Vitamin E

Answer 7

found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds
naturally occuring antioxidant

Question 8

vitamin K

Answer 8

K1- found in leafy greens
K2- animal based such as cheese
forms and maintains bone structure
needed for synthesis of proteins necessary for normal blood clotting

Question 9

Vitamin C

Answer 9

RNI 40
found in fruit
needed for neurotransmitters and collagen
physiological antioxidant
deficiency is scurvy

Question 10

sources of vitamin B

Answer 10

B5- most foods
B6- poultry, fish, wholegrains, soya beans
B7- most foods

Question 11

Functions of vitamin B

Answer 11

B5- utilises energy from macrunitrients and optoimal maintenance of fat
B6- metabolism of amino acids and gylcogen formation of red blood cells

Question 12

iron

Answer 12

RNI 8.7 for men and 14.8 for women
foujd in animals, plants
forms haemoglobin and enzymes, immune system and metabolism of drugs

Question 13

iron deficiency and toxicity

Answer 13

most common nutritional deficiency in the world, anemia
toxic is iron poisoning which is leading cause of death in kids

Question 14

Calcium

Answer 14

RNI is 700
found in milk cheese yogurt
needed to develop healthy bones and maintain
muscle contraction
nerve impulse transmission
deficiency is rickets and osterioperosis

Question 15

phosphorus

Answer 15

found in red meat, dairy products, fish poulry
forms bone component hydroxyapatite
functioning of nerve cells and brain

Question 16

zinc

Answer 16

found in many foods
cofactor for many enzymes
major metabollic pathways for protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism
functioning of immune system

Question 17

iodine

Answer 17

found in seafood, veg and cereal products
needed for synthesis of thyroid hormones
deficieny is goitre and cretinism

Question 18

energy in energy out

Answer 18

in- carbs, fats, protein, alcohol
oiy- basal metabolism, thefmogenesis, physical acivity

Question 19

physical activity level

Answer 19

the ratio of TEE to BMR

Question 20

food measurments on packaging

Answer 20

all labelling used must meet requirements set out in the EU food information to consumers regulation

Question 21

main requirements of labels

Answer 21

allergen info
nutritional declaration