MCQ Week 2

Question 1

The Mind as an energy system

Answer 1

The mind gets energy from the overall physical energies of the body

Question 2

Goal of behaviour

Answer 2

pleasure that results from reduction of tension or the release of energy.

Question 3

Catharsis

Answer 3

release and freeing of emotions by talking about ones problems

Question 4

Freuds view of individual vs. society

Answer 4

Society does not corrupt children, aggression and sexual desires and inborn with children

Question 5

Levels of consciousness

Answer 5

Conscious Level, Preconscious Level, Unconscious level

Question 6

Importance of dreams for Freud

Answer 6

Freud used dreams to reveal unconscious contents of the mind

Question 7

Motivated Unconscious

Answer 7

Repressed memories or forbidden thoughts and wishes are banished. Unexplained feelings that seem irrational are actually motivated by unconscious mental forces

Question 8

Perception without awareness

Answer 8

subliminal perception

Question 9

Perceptual defence

Answer 9

individual defends against anxiety that accompanies actual recognition of threatening stimulus

Question 10

Subliminal psychodynamic activation

Answer 10

stimulate unconscious wishes without making them conscious

Question 11

Id

Answer 11

original source of drive energy. The id seeks the release of excitation or tension, it carries out a mental function to reduce tension in order to return to a quiet internal state. The id operates according to the pleasure principle. It pursues pleasure and avoids pain. It can reach satisfaction by reality or imagination. It operates entirely out of conscious awareness.

Question 12

Superego

Answer 12

Functions involve moral aspects of social behaviour. It contains ideals and standards and can cause guilt if we do not adhere to these. It is an internal representation of the moral rules of the external social world. It cannot discriminate between thought and action, so can cause guilt by thinking something. It has a black or white view of actions and behaviours.

Question 13

Ego

Answer 13

The ego seeks reality. It seeks to express and satisfy the demands of the id and the demands of the superego while understanding the opportunities and constraints that exist in the real world. It operates in accordance with the reality principle. It can control the energy of the id either blocking it, diversion, or gradual release in accordance with its strategy of the situation

Question 14

Life instinct

Answer 14

The life instinct impels people toward the preservation and reproduction of the organism.

Question 15

Libido

Answer 15

Name of the energy of the life instinct

Question 16

Death instinct

Answer 16

involves the aim of the organism to die or return to an inorganic state

Question 17

Defence mechanisms

Answer 17

developed ways to distort reality and exclude feelings from awareness so we do not feel anxious. Defence mechanisms are carried out by the ego; they are a strategic effort to cope with socially unacceptable impulses of the id

Question 18

Defence mechanism: Denial

Answer 18

simple defence mechanisms, denying something ever existed

Question 19

Defence mechanism: Projection

Answer 19

what is internal and unacceptable is projected out and seen as external, projecting personal negative qualities onto others.

Question 20

Defence mechanism: Isolation

Answer 20

impulse, thought or act is not denied access to consciousness, but it is denied the normal accompanying emotion

Question 21

Defence mechanism: Undoing

Answer 21

individual undoes one act or wish with another, cancelling out the negative first

Question 22

Defence mechanism: Reaction formation

Answer 22

individual defends against expression of an unacceptable impulse by only recognising and expressing its opposite.

Question 23

Defence mechanism: Rationalisation

Answer 23

Recognise existence of a thought or action but distort its underlying motive.

Question 24

Defence mechanism: Sublimation

Answer 24

original object of gratification is replaced by a higher cultural goal, removing it from a direct expression of instinct.

Question 25

Defence mechanism: Repression

Answer 25

thought, idea or wish is dismissed from consciousness, it is so traumatic or threatening to the self that it is buried in the unconscious

Question 26

Erogenous zones

Answer 26

particular regions of the body where instinctual drives tend to centre

Question 27

Stage of Development: Oral stage

Answer 27

Sensual gratification centres on the mouth, early occurs in feeding, thumb sucking, and other mouth movements characteristic of infants.

Question 28

Stage of Development: Anal stage

Answer 28

excitation in the anus and movement of feces through the anal passageway. Expulsion of faeces brings relief from tension and pleasure in the stimulation of the mucous membranes in that region. There is conflict between pleasure in release and pleasure in retention, representing the individual and society.

Question 29

Stage of Development: Phallic stage

Answer 29

excitation and tension are focused on the genitals. This causes boys to become aware that females lack a penis, leading to castration anxiety. The father becomes a rival for the affections of the mother

Question 30

Oedipus complex

Answer 30

Boys hostility towards the father leaves the boy with consequent fear of retaliation.

Question 31

Penis Envy

Answer 31

females realise they lack a penis and blame the mother

Question 32

Identification (Frued)

Answer 32

individuals take on the qualities of another person and integrate them into their functioning.

Question 33

Stage of Development: Latency stage

Answer 33

decreased sexual arousal

Question 34

Stage of Development: Genital stage

Answer 34

onset of puberty and reawakening of the sexual urges and oedipal feelings

Question 35

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 35

1 Year: Feelings of inner goodness, trust in oneself and others, optimism. Sense of badness, mistrust of self and others, pessimism

Question 36

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer 36

2-3 Years: Exercise of will, self-control, able to make choices. Rigid, excessive conscience, doubtful, self-conscious shame

Question 37

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 37

4-5 Years: Pleasure in accomplishments, activity, direction, and purpose. Guilt over goals contemplated and achievements initiated

Question 38

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 38

Latency: Able to be absorbed in productive work, pride in completed product. Sense of inadequacy and inferiority, unable to complete work

Question 39

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Identity vs. Role Diffusion

Answer 39

Adolescence: Confidence of inner sameness and continuity, promise of a career. Ill at ease in roles, no set standards, sense of artificiality

Question 40

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation

Answer 40

Early Adulthood: Ill at ease in roles, no set standards, sense of artificiality. Avoidance of intimacy, superficial relations

Question 41

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Generativity vs. Stagnation

Answer 41

Adulthood: Ability to lose oneself in work and relationships. Loss of interest in work, impoverished relations

Question 42

Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Integrity vs. Despair

Answer 42

Later Years: Sense of order and meaning, content with self and ones accomplishments. Fear of death, bitter about life and what one got from it or what did not happen

Question 43

Thinking Process: Primary Process

Answer 43

Thinking in the language of the unconsciousness, thought is illogical and irrational. Reality and fantasy are indistinguishable

Question 44

Thinking Process: Secondary Process

Answer 44

Thinking is in the language of the consciousness, reality testing and logic. Development parallels development of ego

Question 45

Experimental thinking

Answer 45

viewed as being holistic, concrete, and heavily influences by emotion

Question 46

Rational thinking

Answer 46

Characterised by being more abstract, analytical and following the rules of logic and evidence

Question 47

Regression

Answer 47

a type of fixation where the individual seeks to return to an earlier mode of satisfaction.

Question 48

Transference (Freud)

Answer 48

patients development of attitudes toward the analyst based on attitudes held by that patient toward earlier parental figures.

Question 49

Afled Adler (in relation to Freud)

Answer 49

split from Freud in his emphasis on social urges and conscious thoughts rather than sexual urges and unconscious processes.

Question 50

Carl Jung (in relation to Freud)

Answer 50

Jung disagreed with Freuds emphasis on sexuality and repetition of the past. He added the idea of collective unconscious, stored information of past generations.

Question 51

Karen Horney (in relation to Freud)

Answer 51

A major difference involved biological influences as oppose to cultural influences

Question 52

Harry Stack Sullivan (in relation to Freud)

Answer 52

For Sullivan, emotional experiences are not based in biological drives, but in relation with others

Question 53

Object Relations Theory (in relation to Freud)

Answer 53

Greater emphasis on developmental experiences that occur after the Oedipal period. The object is the thing that will satisfy the drive. These objects are often important people in our lives.