MCQ Week 2 Flashcards
The Mind as an energy system
The mind gets energy from the overall physical energies of the body
Goal of behaviour
pleasure that results from reduction of tension or the release of energy.
Catharsis
release and freeing of emotions by talking about ones problems
Freuds view of individual vs. society
Society does not corrupt children, aggression and sexual desires and inborn with children
Levels of consciousness
Conscious Level, Preconscious Level, Unconscious level
Importance of dreams for Freud
Freud used dreams to reveal unconscious contents of the mind
Motivated Unconscious
Repressed memories or forbidden thoughts and wishes are banished. Unexplained feelings that seem irrational are actually motivated by unconscious mental forces
Perception without awareness
subliminal perception
Perceptual defence
individual defends against anxiety that accompanies actual recognition of threatening stimulus
Subliminal psychodynamic activation
stimulate unconscious wishes without making them conscious
Id
original source of drive energy. The id seeks the release of excitation or tension, it carries out a mental function to reduce tension in order to return to a quiet internal state. The id operates according to the pleasure principle. It pursues pleasure and avoids pain. It can reach satisfaction by reality or imagination. It operates entirely out of conscious awareness.
Superego
Functions involve moral aspects of social behaviour. It contains ideals and standards and can cause guilt if we do not adhere to these. It is an internal representation of the moral rules of the external social world. It cannot discriminate between thought and action, so can cause guilt by thinking something. It has a black or white view of actions and behaviours.
Ego
The ego seeks reality. It seeks to express and satisfy the demands of the id and the demands of the superego while understanding the opportunities and constraints that exist in the real world. It operates in accordance with the reality principle. It can control the energy of the id either blocking it, diversion, or gradual release in accordance with its strategy of the situation
Life instinct
The life instinct impels people toward the preservation and reproduction of the organism.
Libido
Name of the energy of the life instinct
Death instinct
involves the aim of the organism to die or return to an inorganic state
Defence mechanisms
developed ways to distort reality and exclude feelings from awareness so we do not feel anxious. Defence mechanisms are carried out by the ego; they are a strategic effort to cope with socially unacceptable impulses of the id
Defence mechanism: Denial
simple defence mechanisms, denying something ever existed
Defence mechanism: Projection
what is internal and unacceptable is projected out and seen as external, projecting personal negative qualities onto others.
Defence mechanism: Isolation
impulse, thought or act is not denied access to consciousness, but it is denied the normal accompanying emotion
Defence mechanism: Undoing
individual undoes one act or wish with another, cancelling out the negative first
Defence mechanism: Reaction formation
individual defends against expression of an unacceptable impulse by only recognising and expressing its opposite.
Defence mechanism: Rationalisation
Recognise existence of a thought or action but distort its underlying motive.
Defence mechanism: Sublimation
original object of gratification is replaced by a higher cultural goal, removing it from a direct expression of instinct.
Defence mechanism: Repression
thought, idea or wish is dismissed from consciousness, it is so traumatic or threatening to the self that it is buried in the unconscious
Erogenous zones
particular regions of the body where instinctual drives tend to centre
Stage of Development: Oral stage
Sensual gratification centres on the mouth, early occurs in feeding, thumb sucking, and other mouth movements characteristic of infants.
Stage of Development: Anal stage
excitation in the anus and movement of feces through the anal passageway. Expulsion of faeces brings relief from tension and pleasure in the stimulation of the mucous membranes in that region. There is conflict between pleasure in release and pleasure in retention, representing the individual and society.
Stage of Development: Phallic stage
excitation and tension are focused on the genitals. This causes boys to become aware that females lack a penis, leading to castration anxiety. The father becomes a rival for the affections of the mother
Oedipus complex
Boys hostility towards the father leaves the boy with consequent fear of retaliation.
Penis Envy
females realise they lack a penis and blame the mother
Identification (Frued)
individuals take on the qualities of another person and integrate them into their functioning.
Stage of Development: Latency stage
decreased sexual arousal
Stage of Development: Genital stage
onset of puberty and reawakening of the sexual urges and oedipal feelings
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Basic Trust vs. Mistrust
1 Year: Feelings of inner goodness, trust in oneself and others, optimism. Sense of badness, mistrust of self and others, pessimism
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
2-3 Years: Exercise of will, self-control, able to make choices. Rigid, excessive conscience, doubtful, self-conscious shame
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Initiative vs. Guilt
4-5 Years: Pleasure in accomplishments, activity, direction, and purpose. Guilt over goals contemplated and achievements initiated
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Industry vs. Inferiority
Latency: Able to be absorbed in productive work, pride in completed product. Sense of inadequacy and inferiority, unable to complete work
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Identity vs. Role Diffusion
Adolescence: Confidence of inner sameness and continuity, promise of a career. Ill at ease in roles, no set standards, sense of artificiality
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Early Adulthood: Ill at ease in roles, no set standards, sense of artificiality. Avoidance of intimacy, superficial relations
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Adulthood: Ability to lose oneself in work and relationships. Loss of interest in work, impoverished relations
Eriksons Psychosocial Stage: Integrity vs. Despair
Later Years: Sense of order and meaning, content with self and ones accomplishments. Fear of death, bitter about life and what one got from it or what did not happen
Thinking Process: Primary Process
Thinking in the language of the unconsciousness, thought is illogical and irrational. Reality and fantasy are indistinguishable
Thinking Process: Secondary Process
Thinking is in the language of the consciousness, reality testing and logic. Development parallels development of ego
Experimental thinking
viewed as being holistic, concrete, and heavily influences by emotion
Rational thinking
Characterised by being more abstract, analytical and following the rules of logic and evidence
Regression
a type of fixation where the individual seeks to return to an earlier mode of satisfaction.
Transference (Freud)
patients development of attitudes toward the analyst based on attitudes held by that patient toward earlier parental figures.
Afled Adler (in relation to Freud)
split from Freud in his emphasis on social urges and conscious thoughts rather than sexual urges and unconscious processes.
Carl Jung (in relation to Freud)
Jung disagreed with Freuds emphasis on sexuality and repetition of the past. He added the idea of collective unconscious, stored information of past generations.
Karen Horney (in relation to Freud)
A major difference involved biological influences as oppose to cultural influences
Harry Stack Sullivan (in relation to Freud)
For Sullivan, emotional experiences are not based in biological drives, but in relation with others
Object Relations Theory (in relation to Freud)
Greater emphasis on developmental experiences that occur after the Oedipal period. The object is the thing that will satisfy the drive. These objects are often important people in our lives.
