MCQ Paper

Question 1

Electron Microscope Wavelength

Answer 1

1 nanometre

Question 2

Light Microscope Wavelength

Answer 2

400 to 700 nanometres

Question 3

Electron Microscope lenses are made of

Answer 3

Electromagnet Lenses

Question 4

Light Microscope lenses are made of

Answer 4

Glass Lenses

Question 5

Light Microscope maximum magnification

Answer 5

x1500

Question 6

Electron Microscope maximum magnification

Answer 6

x500,000

Question 7

Light Microscope best resolution

Answer 7

200 nanometres

Question 8

Electron Microscope best resolution

Answer 8

0.5 nanometres

Question 9

Nucleus Size

Answer 9

5µm to 10µm

Question 10

Chloroplasts Size

Answer 10

0.5 - 2 µm wide and 10 µm in length

Question 11

Mitochondria Size

Answer 11

1 µm in length

Question 12

Lysosomes Size

Answer 12

0.1-0.5 µm

Question 13

Cell Surface Membrane Thickness

Answer 13

7nm

Question 14

Centrioles Size

Answer 14

0.5 µm

Question 15

Virus Size

Answer 15

Ranges in size (20–300 nm)

Question 16

Prokaryote cell size

Answer 16

0.1–5.0 µm

Question 17

Eukaryotic cell cize

Answer 17

10–100 µm

Question 18

Maltose, lactose, sucrose

Answer 18

Maltose => α-glucose + α-glucose
Lactose => β-glucose + galactose
Sucrose => α-glucose + fructose

Question 19

Early prophase

Answer 19

1) Centrioles replicate just before prophase
2) Chromosomes start to appear as the chromatin condenses and coils up, becoming shorter
3) Intact nuclear envelope

Question 20

Late prophase

Answer 20

1) Chromosomes are seen to consist of two identical chromatids; each chromatid contains one DNA molecule
2) Centrioles move to opposite ends of nucleus where they form poles of the spindle
3) Nuclear envelope disappears (it breaks up into small vesicles which are not visible with light microscope)
4) Nucleolus disappears (forms part of several chromosomes)

Question 21

Metaphase

Answer 21

1) Nuclear envelope disappears
2) Each centriole reaches a pole
3) Spindle (microtubules) is completely formed by centrioles
4) Chromosomes continue to condense
5) Spindle fibres attach to the cetromeres of the chromosomes
6) Spindle fibres pull on the centromeres, arranging them at the equator

Question 22

Anaphase

Answer 22

1) Links between sister chromatids break

2) The centromeres of sister chromatids move apart, pulled by the spindle fibres to the poles of the cell

Question 23

Telophase

Answer 23

1) Sister chromatids (now separate chromosomes) reach opposite poles
2) The chromosomes decondense
3) Nuclear envelope begin to form around the chromosomes at each pole
4) The spindle disappears

Question 24

Cytokinesis

Answer 24

The cell divides into 2 cells, either by the infolding of the cell surface membrane in animal cells, or by the formation of a new cell wall and cell surface membrane in plants

Question 25

Strength of bonding in proteins (strongest to weakest)

Answer 25

1) Disulfide bonds
2) Ionic bonds
3) Hydrogen bonds
4) Hydrophobic interactions

Question 26

Interphase stages

Answer 26

• G1: cell makes RNA, enzymes, proteins for growth and at end of G1 the cell becomes committed to dividing or not dividing
• S: DNA replication - each chromosome replicates to have two identical chromatids
• G2: cell continues to grow and new DNA checked for any errors repaired before proceeding to mitosis