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Paediatrics and special care > MCQ exam > Flashcards

MCQ exam Flashcards

1
Q

5 components of primary prevention of dental caries

A
  1. Dental health education
  2. Oral hygiene instruction
  3. Diet
  4. Fluoride, systemic and topical
  5. Fissure sealants
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2
Q

3 components of secondary and tertiary prevention of dental caries

A
  1. Diagnosis of carious lesions
  2. Management of carious lesions
  3. Re-restoration
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3
Q

4 anatomical differences in crowns of primary teeth

A

Smaller
Whiter
Thinner enamel and dentine layers
Broad line contacts

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4
Q

4 anatomical differences in the pulp of primary teeth

A

Large pulp horns
Closer to the outer surface
Irregular pulp canals
Thin floor of pulp cavity

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5
Q

3 anatomical differences in the roots of primary teeth

A

Narrow mesio-distally
Long
Divergent

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6
Q

How many teeth are in the primary dentition

A

20

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7
Q

4 features of occlusion in primary dentition

A

Maxillary arch larger than mandibular arch of teeth

Primary teeth more upright

Mandibular incisors occlude with palatal surface of maxillary incisors

Anthropoid space distal to mandibular C, mesial to maxillary C

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8
Q

When should you expect all primary teeth to erupt by

A

20-30 months

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9
Q

3 composite indications

A

Occlusal restorations

Small interproximal restorations

Anterior restorations including strip crowns

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10
Q

4 composite advantages

A

Adhesive - bonding agent used
Aesthetic
Reasonable wear properties
Command set

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11
Q

4 composite disadvantages

A

Technique sensitive
Moisture control
Expensive
Shrinkage

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12
Q

2 compomer indications

A

Low-stress bearing occlusal and proximal cavities
Patients who have a high caries rate

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13
Q

3 compomer advantages

A

Aesthetic
Less moisture sensitive than composite
Fluoride release

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14
Q

2 compomer disadvantages

A

Require use of dentine bonding agent
Fracture/wear resistance less than composite

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15
Q

3 conventional glass ionomer advantages

A

Adhesive
Aesthetic
Fluoride leaching

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16
Q

Conventional glass ionomer indications

A

Rarely indicated

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17
Q

2 conventional glass ionomer disadvantages

A

Brittle
Susceptible to erosion and wear

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18
Q

3 resin modified glass ionomer indications

A

Temporary restorations
Stabilisation in small or large lesions
Patients who have a high caries rate

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19
Q

6 resin modified glass ionomer advantages

A

Adhesive
Aesthetic
Command set
Easy to handle
Fluoride release
Increased mechanical strength and wear resistance

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20
Q

2 resin modified glass ionomer disadvantages

A

Water absorption
Wear

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21
Q

High viscosity glass ionomer indications

A

Atraumatic Restorative Technique (ART)

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22
Q

2 high viscosity glass ionomer advantages

A

Chemically-cured
Better mechanical properties

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23
Q

3 preformed nickel-chromium crown indications

A

Greater than 2 surfaces
Extensive 1 or 2 surface lesions
Following pulpectomy

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24
Q

2 preformed nickel-chromium crown advantages

A

Durable
Protect and support remaining tooth structure

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25
Q

3 preformed nickel-chromium crown disadvantages

A

Extensive tooth preparation
Patient co-operation required
Unaesthetic

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26
Q

3 uses of local anaesthetic in children

A

Operative pain control
Diagnostic tool
Control of haemorrhage

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27
Q

3 intraligamentary anaesthesia advantages

A

Less uncomfortable than IDB or palatal
Rapid onset
Less effect on soft tissue, decreases self mutilation

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28
Q

2 intraligamentary anaesthesia disadvantages

A

Risk of avulsion if immature root or short root
Risk of damage to permanent successor

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29
Q

2 needle free devices advantages

A

Mucosa anaesthetised to depth of 1cm without use of needle
Deliver jet under high pressure

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30
Q

5 needle free devices disadvantages

A

Expensive
Technique not applicable to all areas
Soft tissue damage if careless technique
Specialised syringes can be frightening
Loud noise and bad taste following delivery

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31
Q

6 computerised injection system advantages

A

Fine needle
Easier for operator
Anaesthetic delivered under controlled pressure
Decreased post-op numbness
Lower pain ratings
Less disruptive behaviour

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32
Q

5 LA complications

A

Psychogenic
Allergy
Drug interactions
Infection
Toxicity

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33
Q

When should a child visit the dentist for the first time

A

As soon as the first tooth appears (usually around 12 months) or by 1 year old, whichever comes first

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34
Q

Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares in all children aged 3-6 years

A

Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 times a year

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35
Q

Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares children aged 3 to 6 years giving concern because of dental caries risk

A

Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 or more times a year

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36
Q

Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental caries in children aged from 7 years and young people

A

Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 times a year

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37
Q

Fluoride guidelines for prevention of dental cares children aged from 7 years and young people because of dental caries risk

A

Apply fluoride varnish (2.26%) to teeth 2 or more times a year

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38
Q

4 stages in application of fluoride varnish

A

Remove plaque
Dry teeth
Apply fluoride varnish to all susceptible sites
Remove excess

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39
Q

4 pieces of post fluoride varnish application advice

A

Don’t brush teeth for 4 hours after
Don’t eat hard food for 4 hours after
Reassure excess salivation afterwards
Reassure parents that teeth may temporarily appear discoloured until the varnish wears off

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40
Q

4 possible side effects of fluoride varnish

A

Allergy
Irritation, inflammation, ulceration of gums
Nausea and retching
Asthma

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41
Q

Dosing guide for fluoride varnish

A

Primary dentition up to 0.25 ml
Mixed dentition up to 0.40 ml
Permanent dentition up to 0.75 ml

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42
Q

3 pieces of isolation equipment

A

Dry tip
Low volume saliva ejector
Cotton wool

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43
Q

4 signs and symptoms of fluoride toxicity

A

GIT: nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain
Abnormal taste
Convulsion
Cardiac symptoms

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44
Q

How much fluoride does 0.25ml of varnish contain

A

5.65mg fluoride

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45
Q

How much fluoride does 0.5ml of varnish contain

A

11.3mg fluoride

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46
Q

How much fluoride does 0.75ml of varnish contain

A

16.95mg fluoride

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47
Q

How much fluoride needs to be ingested to cause GIT symptoms

A

1mg/kg

48
Q

How much fluoride needs to be ingested to meet potentially lethal dose/probably toxic dose

A

5mg/kg

49
Q

How much fluoride needs to be ingested to meet lethal dose

A

32mg/kg upwards

50
Q

4 classifications of cooperation

A

Pre-cooperative
Potentially cooperative
Cooperative
Lacking cooperative ability

51
Q

Normal eruption of mandibular A

A

6-10 months

52
Q

Normal eruption of mandibular B

A

10-16 months

53
Q

Normal eruption of mandibular C

A

17-23 months

54
Q

Normal eruption of mandibular D

A

14-18 months

55
Q

Normal eruption of mandibular E

A

23-31 months

56
Q

Normal eruption of maxillary A

A

8-12 months

57
Q

Normal eruption of maxillary B

A

9-13 months

58
Q

Normal eruption of maxillary C

A

16-22 months

59
Q

Normal eruption of maxillary D

A

13-19 months

60
Q

Normal eruption of maxillary E

A

25-33 months

61
Q

Where does anthropoid spacing occur in the maxilla and the mandible

A

Maxilla: between the lateral incisors and canines
Mandible: between the canines and first molars

62
Q

Where are paediatric dental services provided

A

General dental practice – primary care
Specialist paediatric dental practice
Community dental service
Hospital dental service

63
Q

Contraindications to local anaesthetic

A

General factors: young age, disability, long duration of treatment, difficult access

Medical history: allergy, liver disease, poor blood supply

63
Q

What age should you expect all primary teeth erupt

A

By age 20-30 months

64
Q

Max dose of Lidocaine

A

4.4mg/kg

65
Q

4 challenges of paediatric dentistry

A

High prevalence of dental caries
Special child: very young, anxious, medically compromised
Specialist paediatric dentistry techniques
Delivery of service

66
Q

Prevalence of dental caries NI at 5,12 and 15 years

A

5yrs 40%
12yrs 57%
15yrs 72%

67
Q

What age can a child given consent

A

Everyone >16 years
If a child <16 years has sufficient understanding to enable them to understand what is proposed

68
Q

Who has parental responsibility

A

Childs birth patents ( father if married, on birth cert responsible as a result of a court order)
Legally appointed guardian
Health and social care trust
Person named in a residence order

69
Q

Clinical implications of smaller crowns with thin enamel and dentine

A

Limited room for cavity prep and restorations

70
Q

Clinical implications of broad contacts

A

Difficult to detect caries
Difficult to restore contact
Large box

71
Q

Clinical implications of cervical constriction

A

Enamel at the floor of box not undermined

72
Q

Clinical implications of angulation of enamel prisms at cervical margin

A

Cavity prep needs to slope occlusally

73
Q

Clinical implications of buccal bulge

A

Retention of stainless steel crown

74
Q

Clinical implications of primary teeth being narrower occlusally than at cervical margin

A

Difficult to place matrix bands

75
Q

Clinical implications of large pulp

A

Limited room for cavity prep

76
Q

Clinical implications of pulp horn close to surface

A

Risk of pulp exposure

77
Q

Clinical implications of thin floor of pulp chamber

A

Perforations easy

78
Q

Clinical implications of narrow mesio-distal, long, flared roots in primary teeth

A

Root canal treatment difficult

79
Q

3 intra-oral topical surface anaesthetics

A

Benzocaine 20% gel
Lidocaine 10% spray
Lidocaine 5% gel

80
Q

Local anaesthetic solution of choice

A

Lidocaine hydrochloride 2% with adrenaline 1:80000

81
Q

What is Downs syndrome and what are some dental considerations for these patients

A

Genetic condition resulting in Trisomy 21 and learning impairments

Dental implications: macroglossia, lips tend to be thick ,dry and fissured, anterior open bite, high vaulted palate, malocclusions, hypodontia, delayed eruption, talon cusps, shovel shaped incisors, periodontal disease, xerostomia

82
Q

What is Cerebral Palsy and what are some dental considerations for these patients

A

Congenital physical handicap caused by brain damage in development

Dental considerations: gingival hyperplasia, increased caries, poor clearance, decreased parotid flow, calculus, malocclusion, enamel hypoplasia, erosion, drooling, increased gag reflex, bruxism

83
Q

What is Spina Bifida and what are some dental considerations for these patients

A

Occurs as a result of non fusion of one or more posterior vertebral arches

Dental considerations: often wheelchair users, frequently on antibiotic treatment, often latex allergy

84
Q

What is Muscular dystrophy and what are some dental considerations for these patients

A

Genetic disorders that involve a progressive loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of strength

Dental considerations: GA risk, progressive facial weakness, physical disability

85
Q

Mesial distal width of maxillary E compared to 5’s

A

E: 8.5mm
5: 6.5mm

86
Q

Mesial distal width of mandibular D’s compared with 4’s

A

D: 8 mm
4: 7mm

87
Q

Mesial distal width of mandibular E compared with 5’s

A

E: 9.5mm
5: 7mm

88
Q

5 differences in primary incisors

A

Shorter crown
Cervical constriction
Mamellons rare
Narrower roots mesio-distally
Incisor relationship more edge to edge

89
Q

3 differences in primary canines

A

Large crown
Bulge at cervical constriction
Cusp tip wears rapidly

90
Q

6 differences in primary molars

A

Cervical constriction
Buccal bulge
Narrower occlusal tables
Broad contact areas
Higher pulp horns
Longer, divergent, narrower mesio-distally roots

91
Q

Recommended sugar intake 4-6 years

A

19 g

92
Q

Recommended sugar intake 7-10 years

A

24 g

93
Q

Recommended sugar intake 11 + years

A

30 g

94
Q

Difference between upper and lower primary 1st molars

A

Upper has 3 roots - MB, DB, P
Lower has 2 roots - M, D

95
Q

How many ml per root for intra-ligamentary LA

A

0.2ml/tooth

96
Q

Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 0-3 years

A

1000ppm fluoride tooth paste
Use a smear

97
Q

Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 3-6 years

A

Use 1000ppm fluoride toothpaste
Use a pea-sized amount

98
Q

Recommended toothpaste for a child 7+ years

A

1350-1500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste

99
Q

Recommended toothpaste for a child 7+ years, giving concern

A

1350-1500 ppm fluoridated toothpaste plus fluoridated mouthwash at different time to brushing

100
Q

How frequently should children visit the dentist

A

At least annually

101
Q

4 contraindications to duraphat

A

Allergies
Asthma
Ulcerative gingivitis
Stomitis

102
Q

How long after duraphat application should you wait before bushing and eating

A

4 hours

103
Q

4 contraindications to silver diamine fluoride

A

Silver allergy
Irreversible pulpitis
Various lesions extending into the pulp
History of ulcerative gingivitis/stomatis

104
Q

4 key messages of oral health education

A

Dental attendance
Toothbrushing
Fluoride
Diet

105
Q

When should adult supervision whilst toothbrushing continue until

A

7 years old or when child can the their own laces

106
Q

Affects of fluorosis in children

A

Under 3 years: affects permanent incisors
6 years: affects permanent premolars

107
Q

Define SMART goals

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevant
Time-bound

108
Q

4 ways to prevent erosion

A

Brush twice a day with fluoride tooth paste
Avoid brushing for 30 mins after acidic fruits or drinks
Avoid brushing after vomiting
Limit acidic fruits and drinks to mealtimes

109
Q

2 ingredients of topical fluoride varnish

A

Sodium fluoride
Ethanol (96%)

110
Q

5 early localised complications of LA

A

Pain
Intravascular injection
Intra nerve injection
Failure of LA
Haematoma formation

111
Q

5 late localised complications of LA

A

Self inflicted trauma
Oral ulceration
Nerve damage
Trimus
Infection

112
Q

Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 16 +years, raising concerns

A

2800 or 5000 ppm fluoride toothpaste

113
Q

Extrinsic causes of dental erosion

A

Diet
Environment
Medicines

114
Q

Intrinsic causes of dental erosion

A

Eating disorders
Reflux

115
Q

Recommended toothpaste for a child aged 10+ years, raising concerns

A

2800 ppm fluoride toothpaste

Paediatrics and special care (2 decks)

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