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MSRA > MCQ bank > Flashcards

MCQ bank Flashcards

1
Q

What staining is associated with amyloid?

A

Congo red staining will be positive (there will be bright green fluorescence staining)

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2
Q

How might PCKD present?

A

HTN, haematuria, flank pain, stroke, renal failure, palpable renal masses

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3
Q

Can renal amyloidosis present with masses?

A

Yes

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4
Q

What is pseudomembranous colitis caused by?

A

C.diff

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5
Q

What SEs of statins are there?

A

Myositis
Raised LFTs
Gallstones
Interstitial lung disease in rare cases

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6
Q

Ottawa rules (for XRAY) of knees?

A

Tenderness at head of fibula
Cannot flex to 90 degrees
Age =>55
Isolated tenderness of patella

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7
Q

What is peuts-jeghers syndrome?

A

Genetic syndrome associated with intestinal polyps

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8
Q

What conditions are associated with nasal polyps?

A

Asthma
Aspirin hypersensitivity
CF
Allergic rhinitis

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9
Q

Most common cause of CAP?

A

Strep pneumonia

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10
Q

Drugs used in Alzheimers?

A

Donepezil and memantine

Also use rivastigmine and galantamine

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11
Q

Management of COPD exacerbation?

A

Admit if severe.

Salbutamol nebs
Pred course
Abx if sputum positive or consolidation present
O2 to maintain sats >90
If unwell despite this - (acidotic) you would consider NIV (BiPAP)
If still unwell - ITU

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12
Q

How would diabetes insipidus present?

A

Excessive thirst and excretion of large volumes of diluted urine

High serum sodium and low urine osmolarity, high serum osmolarity

In severe cases may have seizures due to electrolyte disturbance

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13
Q

Causes of diabetes insipidus and results of fluid deprivation test and ADH?

A

Nephrogenic

  • Insensitivity to ADH
  • Fluid deprivation - will fix serum osmo (<300)
  • ADH will not fix
  • Can be caused by CKD/Lithium, congenital

Cranial

  • Not producing ADH
  • Fluid deprivation and ADH will fix osmo
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14
Q

Most common type of glomerulonephritis for adults?

A

IgA nephropathy (Bergers disease)

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15
Q

How does IgA glomerulonephritis present and how can you differentiate that from post strep GN?

A

Presents with nephritis syndrome (haematuria) 1-2 days after URTI

Post strep presents 1-3 weeks after

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16
Q

In what ways do GN disease present?

A 
Nephritic syndrome (haematuria and low level protein, oliguria and HTN)
Nephrotic syndrome (Proteinuria and oedema)
Mixed picture
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17
Q

What GN’s causes a Nephritic picture? (most common and others in there)

A

Most commonly in adults: IgA nephropathy (typically men in 20s or 30s, 1-2 days afetr URTI)

Most commonly in children: Post strep GN (1-2 weeks after URTI)

Granulomatitis with polyangitis
- would have systemic features

Eosinophilic Granulomatitis with polyangitis
- associated with asthma and systemic features

Goodpasture
- pulmonary haemorrhage

Allport

  • inherited
  • sensorineural and eye disease

Thin basement membrane disease
- Inherited

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18
Q

What GNs cause a mixed picture?

A

Membranoproliferative

Diffuse proliferative

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19
Q

What GNs cause a nephrotic picture?

A

Most common in children: Minimal change,
- Idiopathic or caused by infection/drugs

Most common in adults: Focal segmental
- idiopathic or HIV

Diabetic nephropathy

Amyloidosis

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20
Q

On spirometry how can you differentiate asthma and COPD?

A

Asthma may have a normal or increased DLCO and a normal TLC

COPD would have a decreased DLCO and an increased TLC

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21
Q

XRAY changes for RA?

A

Soft tissue swelling
Juxta articular deminerlisation
Joint pace narrowing
Erosions

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22
Q

What virus is associated with nasopharnygeal carcinoma?

A

EBV

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23
Q

Common mechanism of injury of a calcaneal fracture?

A

jump or fall from high height

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24
Q

How to estimate plasma osolarity?

A

2x sodium plus glucose and urea

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25
Q

What vaccine is contraindicated to those with an egg allergy?

A

Flu (intramuscular)

26
Q

What antihypertensive affects the metabolism of simvastatin?

A

Amlodipine

Can only give max 20mg of simva if on amlodipine

27
Q

How is isolation different from dissociation?

A

Isolation is separating emotions from an event

Dissociation is actually changing oneself (character or identity) to avoid distress

28
Q

How is somatisation different from hypochondirasis?

A

Somatisation is anything in which there is a symptom, hypochondriasis is just worry about something

29
Q

How does milk-alkali syndrome present?

A

hypercalcaemia, renal failure and metabolic alkalosis

Associated with calcium antacids

30
Q

How do non-haemolytic transfusion reactions present?

A

Fever malaise and chills during the 2nd half of the transfusion

31
Q

How would bacterial contamination present in a blood transfusion?

A

Fever, shock, delayed, no focus of infection

32
Q

How would transfusion relaetd lung injury present?

A

Dyspnoea and hypotension

Maybe has an infection/recent surgery

33
Q

Painless rectal bleedign in older adults with normal PR and proctoscope?

A

Angiodysplasia

34
Q

Can Haemorrhoids coat the stool?

A

Yes

35
Q

Niacin deficiency (B3) is associated with what tumour?

A

Carcinoid

36
Q

What causes syphillis?

A

Treponoma pallidum

37
Q

What causes chancroid?

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

38
Q

Most common cause of SIADH?

A

Idiopathic

39
Q

Treatment of malignant hypertension?

A

IV nitroprusside is most common

Could also give Labetalol or nicardapine IV

Phentolamine if phaechromocytoma

Hydralazine if pregnant

40
Q

How does diabetic amyotrophy present?

A

Severe pain

Unilateral (but can be bilateral) wasting

41
Q

How does mononeuritis multiplex present?

A

Asymmetric loss of sensory/and or motor function

Rare

42
Q

What would you give propylthiouracil for?

A

Thyroid storm

43
Q

What is the test to diagnose cushings?

A

Overnight dexamethasone suppression test

44
Q

Max dose of lidocaine?

A

3mg per kg or 7mg/kg if using adrenaline

45
Q

If someone has a ?urethral injury/transection what should you do re: catheterisation?

A

refer to urology

Don’t try to catheterise - will likely need suprapubic catheter

46
Q

how do you manage an extraperitoneal bladder injury (urine in pertoneum)

A

Catheter - if blood at meatus or suspicion of urethral injury then this should be suprapubic, if not then it should be urethral

47
Q

Apart from pain in the anatomical snuffbox what other signs are there of a scaphoid fracture?

A

Pain on longitudinal compression of the thumb

Pain on gentle flexion and ulnar deviation of the wrist

48
Q

Difference in PMR and fibromyalgia presentation?

A

Fibromyalgia with multiple points of pain all over their body, may have trouble with sleep (needs to be present for >3 months and have 11 tender areas)

PMR - shoulder pain and stiffness

49
Q

Most common acute laeukaemia in children?

A

ALL

50
Q

What is mortons neuroma, how does it present?

A

Pain inbetween 3rd and 4th metatarsal head usually related to tight footwear. Neuroma that forms related to tight footwear.

51
Q

What is Freibergs disease? How does it present?

A

Osteochondritis of 2nd/3rd metatarsal heads. Vague pain limiting activity in 12-15F.

52
Q

Dinner fork deformity fracture?

A

Colles

53
Q

Elbow swollen after a child has fallen onto an outstetched hand?

A

Supracondylar fracture

54
Q

Common organisms causign epididymo orchitis in men >35?

A

gram -ves: e.coli and pseudomonas

55
Q

red flag Sx in GORD?

A 
Dysphagia
Evidence of Gi bleeding
Weight loss
persistent vomiting
UGI mass
56
Q

What is the most accurate non invasive H.pylori test?

A

Urea breath test

57
Q

When should you test for H.pylori in someone who has GORD?

A

after PPI treatment for 1 month

58
Q

Most common cause of UTI?

A

E.coli

59
Q

Which joint does the z-deformity affect?

A

The thumb

60
Q

How does a boutonniere deformity present? how is it different to swan neck?

A

Finger deformity, hyperextension of distal IP join, fixed flexion of proximal leaving the end pointing up

the boutonniere is pointing up and the swan neck points down at the distal finger

MSRA (22 decks)

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