Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSRA > Haematology > Flashcards

Haematology Flashcards

1
Q

difference in hereditary spherocytosis and G6PD deficiency?

A

G6PD

  • African and Mediterranean descent
  • Heinz bodies
  • Male only
  • Measure enzyme activity of G6PD for gold standard diagnosis

Hereditary spherocytosis

  • Northern european descent
  • Spherocytes
  • Male and female
  • EMA binding test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the causes of macrocytic anaemia?

A

Megaloblastic
- B12/Folate deficiency

Normoblastic

  • alcohol
  • liver disease
  • hypothyroidism
  • pregnancy
  • reticulocytosis
  • myelodysplasia
  • drugs: cytotoxics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia associated with?

A

CLL - complication of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Causes of Microcytic anaemia?

A
  • iron-deficiency anaemia
  • thalassaemia*
  • congenital sideroblastic anaemia
  • anaemia of chronic disease (more commonly a normocytic, normochromic picture)
  • lead poisoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanism of action of TXA?

A

Antifibrinolytic that reversibly binds to lysine receptor sites on plasminogen or plasmin. This prevents plasmin from binding to and degrading fibrin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pappenheimer bodies is/are associated with?

A

Hyposplenism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is MGUS? Features?

A

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Common Paraproteinaemia, sometimes mistaked for myeloma

  • Usually asymptomatic
  • no bone pain or increased risk of infections
  • around 10-30% of patients have a demyelinating neuropathy

Does not have immune dysfunction/lytic lesions like myeloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Causes of massive splenomegaly?

A 
myelofibrosis
chronic myeloid leukaemia
visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar)
malaria
Gaucher's syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Complications of CLL?

A
  • anaemia
  • hypogammaglobulinaemia leading to recurrent infections
  • warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia in 10-15% of patients
  • transformation to high-grade lymphoma (Richter’s transformation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Treatment of CML?

A

imatinib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Target cells associated with what?

A

Sickle-cell/thalassaemia
Iron-deficiency anaemia
Hyposplenism
Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

‘Pencil’ poikilocytes associated with?

A

Iron deficiency anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What blood product is most likely to be contaminated?

A

Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What symptoms are associated with poor prognosis in hodgkins lymphoma?

A

weight loss > 10% in last 6 months
fever > 38ºC
night sweats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DIC bloods?

A 
DIC typical blood picture:
↓ platelets
↓ fibrinogen
↑ PT & APTT
↑ fibrinogen degradation products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is imatinib used for

A

CML

17
Q

Most common bleeding disorder?

A

Von willibrand

18
Q

Bleeding time bloods in Von willibrand?

A

Prolonged bleeding time
APTT may be prolonged
Factor VIII levels may be moderately reduced

19
Q

Treatment for post thrombotic syndrome?

A

Compression stockings

20
Q

Most common inherited thrombophilia (clot forming) condition?

A

Factor V leiden

21
Q

What are the exceptions for teeatment of VTE with a doac?

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome (LMWH then VKA)

Renal function <15 GFR (UH, LMWH, or LMWH then VKA)

22
Q

Paraproteins caused by what things?

A

MGUS or Multiple Myeloma.

23
Q

In sickle disease what is a sequestration crisis?

A

sickling within organs such as the spleen or lungs causes pooling of blood with worsening of the anaemia
associated with an increased reticulocyte count

24
Q

What are the bleeding times for haemophilia?

A

prolonged APTT

bleeding time, thrombin time, prothrombin time normal

25
Q

What is haemophilia, what is the most common type, mode of inheritance?

A

Clotting disorder.
90% caused by Haemophilia A

X-linked.

26
Q

What is the cause of haemophilia A and B

A

Haemophilia A - Factor VIII deficiency

B - IX deficiency

27
Q

Management for ITP?

A

First-line treatment for ITP is oral prednisolone

Could also use IVIG.

28
Q

Features of beta thalassaemia trait?

A

Mild hypochromic, microcytic anaemia - microcytosis is characteristically disproportionate to the anaemia.

HbA2 raised (> 3.5%)

29
Q

Lymphocytes in lymphoma high or low?

A

Low

30
Q

Viral causes for neutropaenia?

A

HIV
Epstein-Barr virus
Hepatitis

31
Q

Iron deficiency anaemia transferrin results?

A

Transferrin is high (along with TIBC), T sats are low though

32
Q

Presentation of CML?

A

anaemia: lethargy
weight loss and sweating are common
splenomegaly may be marked → abdo discomfort
an increase in granulocytes at different stages of maturation +/- thrombocytosis
decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase
may undergo blast transformation (AML in 80%, ALL in 20%)

33
Q

Is alpha thalassaemia associated with hb A2 % rise?

A

No.

34
Q

HIT onset time?

A

5 - 10 days post starting.

35
Q

Bleeding times in HIT?

A

Procoagulant so not prolonged

36
Q

Bleeding times in DIC? Other bloods?

A

Prolonged. Both PT and APTT.

Others:

  • Low plts
  • Low fibrin
  • Raised fibrin degradation products
37
Q

Causes of DIC?

A

sepsis

trauma

obstetric complications e.g. aminiotic fluid embolism or hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, and low platelets (HELLP syndrome)

malignancy

38
Q

Dabigatran reversal agent?

A

Idarucizumab

39
Q

if B12 and folate both low what would you treat first?

A

B12

MSRA (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions