MCQ Flashcards
C: “The spinocerebellum is involved both in the control of posture and gait and the coordination of limb movements.”
T/F
T
SZ: Which answer is incorrect?
Abnormal dopamine, glutamate, and GABAergic signaling are all hypothesized to contribute to schizophrenia.
Variation in immune related genes are strongly associated with schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia only effects a small proportion of the population.
Schizophrenia is a disorder of the brain.
Clinical presentation of schizophrenia is heterogeneous.
Schizophrenia only effects a small proportion of the population.
SZ: Schizophrenia is a genetic disorder, and its heritability is
80%
C: Which of the following assignments is correct?
1.
Multiple system atrophy, cerebellar type (MSA-C) – autosomal dominant disorder
2.
Sporadic adult onset ataxia (SAOA) – autosomal recessive disorder
3.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) - autosomal dominant disorder
4.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) - autosomal recessive disorder
5.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) – nonhereditary degenerative ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) - autosomal dominant disorder
C: Which is not a typical finding in Friedreich’s ataxia?
- Renal failure
- Progressive Ataxia
- Araflexia
- Dysarthria
- Diabetes mellitus
Renal failure
EF: Which cognitive functions are typically impaired in patients with lesions of the lateral prefrontal cortex?
A. Patients typically show impaired social behavior, poor judgments and impaired decision making.
B. Patients typically show impaired long-term memory functions.
C. Patients typically show impaired language comprehension.
D. Patients are typically impaired in planning, abstract reasoning and maintenance of task-relevant information.
E. Patients typically have lost the ability to accurately attribute mental states to other people.
Patients are typically impaired in planning, abstract reasoning and maintenance of task-relevant information.
C: Which of the five clinical signs is not a typical cerebellar sign? Dysmetria Intentiontremor Ataxia Paresis Nystagmus
Paresis
CE: Which of the following statements is correct?
Idiopathic epilepsies commonly have a single-gene inheritance.
Symptomatic epilepsies never have a genetic background.
Rolando-epilepsy of childhood is a symptomatic epilepsy syndrome.
Frontal lobe epilepsies may be idiopathic.
The correct diagnosis of epilepsy is made from the EEG.
Frontal lobe epilepsies may be idiopathic.
Frontal lobe epilepsies may be purely genetic is also true
C; Which of the five clinical signs is a typical cerebellar sign? Dysmetria Intentiontremor Ataxia Paresis Nystagmus
Ataxia
C: Which statement about spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is correct?
Autosomal recessive disorder
Extensor plantar responses (positive Babinski sign)
Mitochondriopathy
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) in MRI scans
Typical age of onset around 50 years of age
Typical age of onset around 50 years of age
The mean ‘translation lag’ (=time between discovery of a drug (date of IP or publication) and success full use in patients (date of highly cited positive study)) in medicine is typically
> 20 years
EE: Which of the following statements is correct?
In patients, stroke causes subsequent chronic epilepsy in more than 50 % of patients.
In patients, epileptogenesis after brain injuries can take up to several years.
Status epilepticus rarely induces epileptogenesis in patients and rodents.
Epileptogenesis can be prevented by pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment approaches.
Primary prophylaxis (i.e. treatment before occurrence of the first seizure) is commonly advised in patients with brain tumors.
In patients, epileptogenesis after brain injuries can take up to several years.
A: Neglect is
a language disorder caused by damage to the temporal lobe or in the frontal lobe.
a motor disorder in which volitional or voluntary movement is impaired without muscle weakness.
the failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function.
manifested by difficulties in receptive and expressive language, including phonological processing, in reading, writing, spelling.
a lateralized disruption of spatial attention.
a lateralized disruption of spatial attention.
Which of the following statements is correct?
1.
Simple partial seizures are characterized by loss of conciousness
2.
Complex partial seizures always indicate frontal lobe epilepsy
3.
Fear may be the clinical manifestation of an epileptic aura
4.
Absence seizures originate in the frontal lobe (fronto-orbital part)
5.
Visual symptoms at the onset of a seizure indicate temporal lobe seizure origin
Fear may be the clinical manifestation of an epileptic aura
C: If you are interested to study cerebellar function, which disorders is not a good human lesion model?
Friedreich’s ataxia
C: Which of the following statements is correct?
A) The cerebellum is involved in timing
B) The cerebellum is a learning device
C) The cerebellum contributes to certain cognitive tasks
D) The cerebellum is a likely place where internal models are build
E) The cerebellum is a likely place where internal models are stored
ALL
EP:Which of the following statements is correct?
Epilepsy is a rare condition.
Epilepsy is characterized by epileptic seizures occurring at least once a day.
Epilepsy is in the majority of patients genetically determined.
Epilepsy with generalized seizures needs to be treated by hippocampectomy.
Epilepsy in many cases responds well to antiepileptic drugs.
Epilepsy in many cases responds well to antiepileptic drugs.
IG: Which of these clinical features can be found in Parkinson’s disease? Paresis Spasticity Postural instability Muscle atrophy
Postural instability
C: Which of the following assignments is correct?
1. Paleocerebellum - Vestibulocerebellum - Flocculonodular lobe, inferior vermis 2. Neocerebellum - Spinocerebellum - Cerebellar hemispheres 3. Archicerebellum - Vestibulocerebellum - Cerebellar Hemispheres 4. Neocerebellum - Pontocerebellum - Anterior lobe 5. Paleocerebellum - Spinocerebellum - Superior vermis and paravermal cerebellar areas
Paleocerebellum - Spinocerebellum - Superior vermis and paravermal cerebellar areas
A: Agnosia is
a language disorder caused by damage to the temporal lobe or in the frontal lobe.
a motor disorder in which volitional or voluntary movement is impaired without muscle weakness.
the failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function.
manifested by difficulties in receptive and expressive language, including phonological processing, in reading, writing, spelling.
a speech disorder that is due to a weakness or incoordination of the speech muscles.
the failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function.
IG: DG: Which of these anatomic structures is not part of the basal ganglia? Striatum Pontine nucleus Subthalamic nucleus Globus pallidus internus
Pontine nucleus
C: If you are interested to study cerebellar functions, which of the following disorders are not good human lesion models?
A) Stroke within the territory of the superior cerebellar artery
B) Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA 3)
C) Surgical removal of cerebellar astrocytoma
D) Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA 6)
E) Friedreich’s ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA 3) & Friedreich’s ataxia
AD: Manic-depressive mixed states are
1.
Characterized by fluctuations in mood symptoms of opposite polarity
2. More often associated with a good prognosis than pure episodes 3. More frequent in men than in women 4. Easy to treat 5. A combination of 2 depressive and 4 manic symptoms
Characterized by fluctuations in mood symptoms of opposite polarity
S: A transient ischemic attack
always leads to changes in signal intensity on CT or MR in affected brain areas
precedes a stroke in approx. 60 % of patients
carries an annual risk of stroke during the first 5 years of 5%
is characterized by brief focal neurological deficits, which resolve within 12 hours
produces a persistent neurological deficit
carries an annual risk of stroke during the first 5 years of 5%
A: The neglect syndrom (more than one)
is a loss of half of the visual field
a deficit in attention to one side of space
occurs more frequently after damage to the right hemisphere
is a reading disorder
is a multisensory syndrome
a deficit in attention to one side of space
occurs more frequently after damage to the right hemisphere
is a multisensory syndrome
A patient with akinetic mutism …(more than one)
A) tends neither to speak nor move
B) typically shows tactless behavior
C) eats and drinks only if being fed
D) utilizes items instantly within the visual field independent of the situation
E) is profoundly apathetic and displays no emotions even in pain
A,C and E
AD: Selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors
have been proven to be ineffective in moderate depression.
are more effective in carriers of the 5-HTTLPR L-Allele.
are more effective than serotonine-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors.
should not be used in patients with suicidal ideation.
are most effective in bipolar depression.
are more effective in carriers of the 5-HTTLPR L-Allele.
