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MCP > mcp cards_signaling2 > Flashcards

mcp cards_signaling2 Flashcards

1
Q

Signaling 2

What are the three classes of cell surface receptors?

A
  1. gated ion channels\n2. trimeric g protein receptors\n3. receptor tyrosine kinase
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2
Q

Signaling 2

Which class of cell suirface receptors is involved in many metabolic functions?

A

trimeric of g protein receptors

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3
Q

Signaling 2

Which class of cell suirface receptors is common for growth factors as well as the rgulation of choices between cell division and cell growth?

A

receptor tyrosine kinases

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4
Q

Signaling 2

Is a gtp bound signal on of off?

A

signal on

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5
Q

Signaling 2

is a gdp bound mean signal off or signal on?

A

Signal off

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6
Q

Signaling 2

SignWhat does signal on stage mean in term of its interactions with other proteins?

A

SIgnal on means its interactio with other proteins changes.\n\nIt its an enzyme, its cofnromation is changed so that it has a new interaction site, thus changing its activity with other proteins.

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7
Q

Signaling 2

Is phosphorylation covalent or noncovalent attachment of a phosphate group by a kinase?

A

covalent

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8
Q

Signaling 2

Qhere does protein kinases add a phoshpate on serine, theroine, or tyrosine molecules?

A

on the hydroxyl group

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9
Q

Signaling 2

How does a protein kinase recognize serine, threnonine, or tyrosine molecule?

A

it has to have a correct amino acid seqeunce

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10
Q

Signaling 2

Signaling is turned off when what enzyme removes a phosphate group?

A

protein phosphatase

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11
Q

Signaling 2

How fast do g proteins hyrolyze GTP to GDP to become signal off? What speeds up this process if it is way too slow in some proteins?

A

very slow\n\nGTPase activating protein

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12
Q

Signaling 2

Some proteins hyddrolyze gtp to gdp so slowly that unless they are activated by GTPase activating porotein, they are always what?

A

turned on

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13
Q

Signaling 2

  1. How does reactivation of g proteins accomplished? \n\n2. What does this usually require?
A
  1. release of GDP and attachment of GTP\n\n2. usually requires a GTP exchange factor
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14
Q

Signaling 2

What are the two classes of g proteins called?\nt

A

trimeric which has alpha, beta, gamma units\n\nmonomeric which has 1 subunit

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15
Q

Signaling 2

What are the different types of monomeric g proteins

A
  1. Receptor linked like RAS\n2. Vescile sorting and fusion like RAB\n3. Control of actin cytoskeleton like RAC and RHO
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16
Q

Signaling 2

What is the main function of the RAC and RHO family?

A

ctronol actin cytoskeleon

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17
Q

Signaling 2

Which family of monomeric g proteins is receptor linked?

A

ras

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18
Q

Signaling 2

What family of g proteins is involved with vescile sorting and fusion?

A

Rab

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19
Q

Signaling 2

what three subunits do all trimeric g proteins ahve

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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20
Q

Signaling 2

Which trimeric g protein sybunits has the guanine nucleotide binding site?

A

alpha

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21
Q

Signaling 2

In all trimeric g proteins, which subunits can illiticit changes of membrane associated enzumes and ion channels?

A

gamma and beta together\nalpha with GTP

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22
Q

Signaling 2

Trimeric g proteins are linked to what side of the plasma membrane?

A

cytosolic\n\nare attached by lipid tails

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23
Q

Signaling 2

Which of the trimeric g protein subinits are attached below the plasma membrane by lipid tails?

A

gamma, beta, alpha

24
Q

Signaling 2

When does a trimeric g protein bind to a g protein coupled reeptor

A

when the ligand binds to it

25
Q

Signaling 2

What stimualtes the gdp to gtp exchange on the alpha subunit?

A

The binding of the trimeric g protein to the itnracellular part of a g protein coupled receptor

26
Q

Signaling 2

How fast is bound gtp hydrolzed to GDP on trimeric g proteins? What is slow and what is fast?

A

slwoly \nThe inorganic phosphate is released quickly, but GDP dissociates very slowly from thealpha chain

27
Q

Signaling 2

What do Events triggered by G-protein activation depend on?

A

the gene family that the alpha subunit comes from

28
Q

Signaling 2

What g protein family stimulates adeylate cyclase? Which g protein family inhibits it?\n

A
  1. Gs\n\n2. GI\n\nThey share the same mechanism, just cause different reffects of aenylate cyclase
29
Q

Signaling 2

  1. The activation of adenylate cyclase by the activation of GS raises what concentration? \n\n2. What effect does this have in the cell?\n
A
  1. raise CAMP\n\n2. CAMP stimulates protein kinase A
30
Q

Signaling 2

What type of kinase is protien kinase A?

A

sertine/theronine kinase

31
Q

Signaling 2

What does the binding of alpha s subnunit to adhenylate cyclase stimulate?

A
  1. Activates the subunit, making more CAMP to stimulate PKA\n\n2. increases GTPase which shuts off the signal\n
32
Q

Signaling 2

what is the name of the intracellualr membrane stimulated by Gs family or Gi family?

A

adenylate cyclase

33
Q

Signaling 2

Activation of what can reverse the effects of Gs family?

A

GI

34
Q

Signaling 2

What does the activation of Gi family members do?

A
  1. inhibits adenylate cyclase, decreasing CAMP 2. alterals the K+ channel conductance in some cells
36
Q

Signaling 2

The activation of G1 stimulates what? On what side of the plasma membrane is this protein

A

Phopshlipase C beta and its on the cytoplasmic side

37
Q

Signaling 2

What is the action of phospholipase C beta?

A

Cleaves Phopshpoinositol biphosphate PIP2 into insotisol triphosphate IP3 and diacylgycerol (basically cleaves phopshopilipid..?)

38
Q

Signaling 2

Does DAG or IP3 stay in the membrane?

A

DAG\n\nIp3 diffuses into the cytoplasm

39
Q

Signaling 2

What can IP3 do as it is in the cytoplasm? What are its two targets?

A
  1. Binds to PKC which is in the membrane and activats it \n\nPKC then has multiple functions in the cell\n\n2. Travel to ER and binds to ion channel to cause release of Ca into the cytosplasm\n\nCa release triggesrs both CAM kinase and it helps activate PKC
40
Q

Signaling 2

What does Ca release by IP3 accomplish?

A
  1. helps activate PKC by stimulating it\n\n2. Binds to Calmoudlin, which with Ca attached activates serine threonine specific cam kinases like myosin light chain kinase
41
Q

Signaling 2

What works to activate PKC after Gq sitmulation?

A

Ip3 directly binding to it\n\nIp3 indirectly by release Ca concentration\n\nDAG increasing its affinity for Ca

42
Q

Signaling 2

What does DAG due to PKC to activate it?

A

it increases its affintiy for ca which is needed for its activation

43
Q

Signaling 2

Name 3 theorine/serine protein kinases?

A
  1. pkc\n2. pka\n3. CAM kinase\n4. Map
44
Q

Signaling 2

What do phorbol estersl irreversibly bind to and activate? \n\nWhat does this cause?\n\nWhat disease process does this relate to

A

PKC\n\nperpetual activation of a pathway regulating cell division\n\ncancer

45
Q

Signaling 2

What does the signal molecule binding to a kinsae receptor act as?

A

A dimer because it causes the 2 tyrosine domains together, which then phosphorylate eachother

46
Q

Signaling 2

Why is dimerization of tyrosine resients in reeptor needed?

A

these domains phopshorylate themselves which stimulates kinase activity

47
Q

Signaling 2

Where is the SH2 domain located?

A

on cytoplasmic proteins

48
Q

Signaling 2

Where do SH2 receptors bind?

A

phosphotyrosine groups on tyrosine specific kinases \n\nthis means the points where the tyorsine is phopshorated

49
Q

Signaling 2

What does binding of Sh2-sh3 adapter proteins allow?

A

Alows for ras g proteins to give up GDP for GTP

50
Q

Signaling 2

How is ras inactivated? What aids in this process?

A

hydrolysis of gtp to gdp\n\nGtp ase activating protein or GAP

51
Q

Signaling 2

Two ways in which receptor tyosine kinases can function

A
  1. bind to PLC-gamma by SH2 domain, causing it to breakdown PIP2 to form IP3 and DAG and eventually CAM and PKA activation\n2. SH2-SH3 domains bind to ras family and cause its activating which stimulates MAP kinase cascade
52
Q

Signaling 2

What is a raf?

A

map kinase kinase kinase

53
Q

Signaling 2

What si the sequence of the MAP kinase cascade?

A

MAP kinase3 (raf) phosphorylates Mapkinase2 (mek) which phosphorylates MAP kinase (erkl)

54
Q

Signaling 2

What does map kinase activity increase? What does it inhbiit? Whats it overally effect and why?

A
  1. increases transcription of cylcin gene transcription\n2. decreasing amount of inhbitior proteins like p21 and p27\n3. It favors passage of the cell cycle since it increases cyclin dependent kinase activity
55
Q

Signaling 2

The family of g protein coupled receptors or tyrosine receptor kinase are more diverse?

A

tyrosine receptor kinsae

56
Q

Signaling 2

What is the same on receptor tyorsine kianses? What domain is different?

A

The itnracellualr kinase domain is the same\nthe extracellular kinase domain is different

57
Q

Signaling 2

Mutated forms of all of this family has been linked to tumor formation in humans

A

tyrosine kinase linked receptors

58
Q

Signaling 2

How does tyrosine kinase linked receptors differ from tyrosine kinase receptors? How are they similar?

A

Tyrosine kinase linked receptors dont have kinase on receptor, a seperate kinase domain comes and binds\n\nSimilar: The two subunits kinases phopshoryate eachother (transphosphorylation)\nSH2 domains bind to phosphotyrosines\n

MCP (3 decks)

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