MCN miss tabs Flashcards
Erik Erikson developmental theory?
Psychosocial Development
Piaget developmental theory?
Cognitive Development
Sigmund Freud developmental theory?
Psychosexual Development
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT: INFANT
Trust vs. Mistrust
-learns to be
love and be
loved
Picky eater
Toddler
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT: TODDLER
Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt.
– learns to be independent
and make decisions for self
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT: PRE-SCHOOL
Initiative vs guilt
–learns how to do things
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT: SCHOOL AGE
Industry vs. inferiority
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT: ADOLESCENTS
Identity vs. role confusion
FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT THEORY: Infant
ORAL STAGE:
child explores the world by
using mouth, especially the
tongue
FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT THEORY: Toddler
ANAL STAGE:
child learns to control
urination and defecation
FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT THEORY: PRESCHOOLER
PHALLIC STAGE:
learns sexual identity through awareness of
genital area
FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT THEORY: SCHOOL AGE
LATENT STAGE:
child’s personality development appears to be
nonreactive or dormant
FREUD’S STAGES OF PSYCHOSEXUAL
DEVELOPMENT THEORY: adolescents AGE
GENITAL STAGE:
Adolescent develops sexual maturity and learns to establish satisfactory relationships with the opposite sex
SENSORIMOTOR
Neonatal Reflex
Primary Circular Reaction
Secondary Circular Reaction
Coordination of Secondary Reactions
Tertiary Circular Reactions
Invention of new means through mental combinations
Neonatal Reflex
1month
Primary Circular Reaction
1-4mo.
Secondary Circular Reaction
4-8mo.
Coordination of Secondary Reactions
8-12 mo.
Tertiary Circular Reactions
12-18mo.
Invention of new means through mental combination
18-24 mo.
PREOPERATIONAL
THOUGHT
2-7 yr
CONCRETE OPERATIONAL
THOUGHT
7-12yr
FORMAL OPERATIONAL
THOUGHT
12 years old and above
Weight of the infant doubles at ___ months and triples at __ months
Weight of the infant doubles at 6 months and triples at 12 months
Height of infant increases by
.5-1inch/month
Anterior fontanel closes at _ mos, posterior at _ mos
Anterior fontanel closes at 18 mos, posterior at 2mos
Pediatric Milestones:
Supports head steadily
3 months
Pediatric Milestones:
Turns from back to side
4 months
Pediatric Milestones:
Sits with support and Pulls to sitting position
6 months
Pediatric Milestones:
Stranger anxiety (fears of stranger)
8 months
Pediatric Milestones:
Plays “peek-a-boo” (tika-tika)
10 months
Pediatric Milestones:
Separation anxiety peeks
10 months
Nutrition of infant
the most desirable complete diet for the infant during the first 6 months of life.
Breastfeeding
Nutrition of infant:
at 6 months. GI tract has matured sufficiently to handle more complex nutrients and less sensitive to allergenic foods.
Solid foods
Nutrition of infant:
Extrusion reflex has disappeared
Head control is well developed
Infant:
aware that objects
exist even if not in view.
object permanence
Infant: Fearful in strange situation or with strangers’ clings to
mother
Stranger anxiety
Infant:
Separation Anxiety
Gender, age, and size of the stranger- female, younger age and smaller size (including kneeling or sitting rather than standing) are less stressful.
Approach – loud, sudden, intrusive approach causes more distress.
Child’s proximity to parent – being closer to parent (on parent’s lap rather than in infant seat) is less stressful.
Protest
Despair
Denial
Infant’s Safety
Lie on back avoid prone position to prevent SIDS
Avoid giving choking hazard foods/ toys
Car safety
Developmental stage that develops EGOCENTRICITY and Negativism
TODDLER
Autonomy VS shame and doubt
TODDLER
(If parents keep a toddler dependent in areas where he is capable of using skills, the toddler will develop a sense of doubt or shame)
Their reply is always “NO” You may find them uncooperative, disrespectful, selfish, and hard-headed.
Negativism
toddler use their spoon at mealtime or only use their own pillow, blanket at bedtime.
ritualistic behavior
How to handle Negativism?
Eliminate restrictions, offer the child reasonable choices (Ex. are you going to eat egg or hotdog?), use distraction
This occurs as a natural consequence of toddler’s development. It happens because toddlers are independent enough to know what they want, but they do not have the vocabulary or the wisdom to express their feelings in a more socially acceptable way. The toddler may kick, scream, bang their head, cry-out-loud.
Temper Tantrums
How to manage temper tantrums?
Stay calm, ignore the behavior as long as the child is safe. Enforce a “time-out”
Do not offer “emotional bribes”
Sets limits however, if child shows aggressive behavior
a technique to help children learn that actions have consequences. They are directed to go to a non-stimulating area such as a corner of a room and sit there for certain period of time, 1 minute per year of age
Enforce a “time-out”
Being separated from parents which starts during infancy and persists even until pre-school. No matter how prepared toddlers are they will cry when parents or caregivers leave. It helps if parents say goodbye firmly, repeat the explanation that they will be there when the child wakes up and leave. No prolong goodbyes, lead to more crying or sneaking out strengthen fear of abandonment.
PROTEST
DENIAL
DETACHMENT
Toddler: Separation Anxiety
Preferred toys and plays
PRESCHOOLER and SCHOOL AGE
Predominantly “associative play” period
PRESCHOOLER
Safety of Toddler
Do not allow child to walk around with object such as lollipops in mouth
Car safety rear-facing, 20-40lbs or less than 4 years. More than 4 years booster seat in the rear of the car.
Supervise
Magical thinking
PRE-SCHOOLER
Preschooler may become engrossed in a fantasy role that they fear that they are “stuck” in the fantasy and are no longer themselves, believing thoughts and wishes can come true
Magical thinking
refers to the strong attachment to of a preschool boy towards his mother
Oedipus complex
refers to the strong attachment of a preschool girl towards her father
Electra Complex
intense reaction to even simple injury as scraping a knee or having injection
Fear of mutilation or castration complex
Explain procedure on their level of understanding or provide demonstration like you do a wound dressing in a doll
Major fears of PRESCHOOLER
Fear of mutilation or castration complex
Fear of the dark
Extreme jealous of a child to the opposite sex parent
Electra Complex
Oedipus complex
The resolution of the Oedipus or Electra complex is identification of the same sex parent.
Predominantly “parallel play” period.
Toddler
Imitation of adults often part of play.
Toddler
Begins imaginative and make-believe play
Toddler
They enjoy games that use imitation such as pretending they are a teacher, nurse, cashier, gasoline boy or fairy-tale characters
PRESCHOOLER
The middle years are most often referred to as school-age or the school years. This period begins with the entrance into the wider sphere of influence represented by the school environment, which has a significant impact on development and relationships of the child.
SCHOOL AGE
It serves as an agent of transmitting societal values. As a socializing agent second only to the family, It exerts a profound influence on the social development of children.
School
Characteristic Traits and Milestone:
Concrete Operational
Decentering
Accommodation
Conservation
ability to project one’s self into other situations and see the world from their viewpoint rather than focusing only on their own view
Decentering
ability to adapt though process to fit what is perceived such as understanding that there can be more one reason for other people’s actions
Accommodation
ability to appreciate that a change in shape does not necessarily mean a change in size.
understands casuality (cause and effect)
Conservation
Competitive Play
Sports such as basketball for boys; board games
Reading books and collecting items
Preferred toys and plays of school age
They are less fearful of body safety than they were preschoolers, although they are still fear of being hurt, kidnapped, or having to undergo surgery
School-age children
They have fear of death
School-age children
all primary teeth is completed
By 2 ½
6 primary teeth appears in
By 12 m
By 4 months old
Drools (drop saliva uncontrollably from the mouth.) appeared