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NURSING Y2S1 > MCN > Flashcards

MCN Flashcards

1
Q

FRAMEWORK: The primary goal of MCN

A

Promotion and maintenance of optimal family health

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2
Q

FRAMEWORK: the 4 philosophies of MCN

A
  1. Family-centered
  2. Community centered
  3. Evidence-based
  4. Challenging role for nurses
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3
Q

FRAMEWORK: MCN can be visualized within a framework in which nurses use the:

A
  1. Nursing Process
  2. Nursing Theory and
  3. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses ( QSEN )
  4. Four Phases of Health Care
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4
Q

FRAMEWORK: What are the 4 phases of health care?

A
  1. Health Promotion
  2. Health Maintenance
  3. Health Restoration
  4. Health Rehabilitation
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5
Q

FRAMEWORK:
1) a scientific form of solving a nursing problem.
2) serves as the basis for assessing, formulating a nursing diagnosis, planning, implementing, and evaluating care.

A

Nursing Process

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6
Q

FRAMEWORK: are designed to offer helpful ways to view patients so nursing activities can be created to best meet patient’s needs

A

Nursing Theories

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7
Q

FRAMEWORK:
1) the goal of this QSEN is to address the challenge of preparing future nurses with the abilities necessary
2) to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems in which they work

A

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

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8
Q

FRAMEWORK: QSEN Competencies Required for MCN

A
  1. Patient-Centered
  2. Teamwork & Collaboration
  3. Evidence-Based Practice
  4. Quality Improvement
  5. Safety
  6. Informatics
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9
Q

FRAMEWORK:
- the systematic investigation of problems that have implications for nursing practice usually carried out by nurses.
- ________ can influence nursing practice

A

Nursing Research

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10
Q

FEMALE REPRO: process that permits two living beings to produce a third one that is different from each of them.

A

PROCREATION

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11
Q

FEMALE REPRO:
- is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced.
- The known methods of reproduction are broadly grouped into two main types: sexual and asexual.

A

REPRODUCTION

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12
Q

FEMALE REPRO:
- an individual can reproduce without involvement with another individual of that species.

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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13
Q

FEMALE REPRO:
1) Requires the involvement of two individuals, typically one of each sex.
2) During production in humans, each parent transmits to the child one of the two copies of his or her genetic material, located on the
parent’s 23 pairs of chromosomes.

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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14
Q

FEMALE REPRO: The external genetalia is collectively called ______

A

Vulva (Pudenda)

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15
Q

FEMALE REPRO: fatty pad over the symphysis pubis; cushions & protects pubic bone

A

Mons Pubis (mons veneris)

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16
Q

FEMALE REPRO: longitudinal folds of pigmented skin extending from mons pubis to the perineum; covered with thick, curly hair; Escutcheon

A

Labia Majora (labium majus)

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17
Q

FEMALE REPRO: hairless folds of tissue within the labia majora, extending from clitoris to the fourchette

A

Labia Minora (smaller lips)

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18
Q

FEMALE REPRO:
- small ( approx 1-2 cm ) rounded organ of erectile tissue at the upper end of labia minora

A

Clitoris

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19
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Skin covering of the clitoris

A

prepuce

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20
Q

FEMALE REPRO: epidermal secretion with strong odor

A

Smegma

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21
Q

FEMALE REPRO: - almond-shape space between the labia minora, clitoris and fourchette

A

Vestibule

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22
Q

FEMALE REPRO: The vestibule contains

A

urethral meatus
vaginal introitus
hymen

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23
Q

FEMALE REPRO: The urethral meatus contains the

A

Skene’s glands (paraurethral glands)

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24
Q

FEMALE REPRO: The vaginal introitus contains the

A

Bartholin’s glands (vulvovaginal glands)

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25
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Thin fold of tissue formed where labia minora meet and the site of episiotomy

A

Fourchette

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26
Q

FEMALE REPRO: How long is the vagina

A

(8-12 cm) 4cm diameter

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27
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Space surrounding the cervix

A

Fornix

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28
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Keeps the vagina acidic

A

Doderlein’s bacilli

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29
Q

FEMALE REPRO: What are the three functions of the vagina

A
  1. Organ of copulation
  2. Passage in delivery & menstrual blood
  3. Secretory duct during menstruation
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30
Q

FEMALE REPRO: aka the womb; pear-shaped, hollow muscular organ anteverted, directed forward 7-8 cm long

A

Uterus

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31
Q

FEMALE REPRO: How long is the uterus?

A

7-8 cm

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32
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Three functions of the uterus

A
  1. menstruation
  2. environment for pregnancy
  3. labor & delivery
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33
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Three layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium

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34
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Main part of the uterus, forms bulk of muscles

A

Corpus (body)

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35
Q

FEMALE REPRO: The uppermost part of the uterus

A

fundus

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36
Q

FEMALE REPRO: In the cervix, it joins the corpus to the cervix & contains uterine canal.

A

Isthmus

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37
Q

FEMALE REPRO: forms the main opening of the uterus

A

cervix

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38
Q

FEMALE REPRO: how long is the cervix?

A

2-4 cm

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39
Q

FEMALE REPRO: a plug that fills and seals the cervical canal during pregnancy.

A

Operculum

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40
Q

FEMALE REPRO: Part of the cervix that opens into the uterine cavity.

A

internal os

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41
Q

FEMALE REPRO: part of the cervix that opens into the uterine cavity.

A

external os

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42
Q

UTERINE LIGAMENTS:
2 wing-like structures that extends from the lateral margin to the uterus to
the pelvic walls

A

BROAD

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43
Q

UTERINE LIGAMENTS: 2 fibrous cords from the uterine walls that helps hold the uterus in its forward position

A

ROUND

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44
Q

UTERINE LIGAMENTS: 2 cord-like folds of the peritoneum from the lower cervix to the sacrum.

A

UTEROSACRAL

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45
Q

UTERINE LIGAMENTS: Mackenrodt’s Ligaments (or Cardinal Ligaments)

A

TRANSVERSE

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46
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBE: aka “salphinges”

A

FALLOPIAN TUBES

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47
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBE:
part of tube that lies in the uterine wall

A

INTERSTATIAL

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48
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBE: part that is cut or sealed during tubal ligation; attach tube to uterus

A

ISTHMUS

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49
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBE: site of fertilization

A

AMPULLA

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50
Q

FALLOPIAN TUBE:
- most distal portion
- its funnel-shaped opening encircled.

A

INFUNDIBULUM

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51
Q

finger-like projections which anchor the ovary to the fallopian tube

A

FIMBRIAE

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52
Q

female gonads; the sex glands sized and shaped like almonds.

A

OVARIES

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53
Q

Hormones the ovaries secretes

A

estrogen and progesterone

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54
Q

PELVIS: The bones that make up the pelvis

A

1) ilium
2) ischium
3) pubis

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55
Q

PELVIS: wedge shaped, forms the back part of the pelvis

A

SACRUM

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56
Q

PELVIS: larger, shallow, lies above the inlet, aids in supporting abdominal viscera

A

FALSE PELVIS

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57
Q

PELVIS: low, deep

A

TRUE PELVIS

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58
Q

PELVIS: the pronounced line separating the greater and lesser pelvis, formed by the sacral promontory, the arcuate line, the pectineal line, and the pubic crest.

A

Linea Terminalis

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59
Q

PELVIS:
- anterior sacral promontory to the INFERIOR margin of symphysis pubis
- measurement: ______

A

Diagonal conjugate; 12.5 – 13 cm

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60
Q

PELVIS:
- Conjugate Vera
- from anterior sacral promontory to the SUPERIOR margin of symphysis pubis
- measurement: _____

A

True conjugate; 11 – 11.5 cm

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61
Q

PELVIS:
- Sacral promontory to INNER SURFACE of symphysis pubis
- measurement: ______

A

Obstetric Conjugate; 10.5 - 11 cm

62
Q

PELVIS:
- distance between ischial spines
- measurement: ______

A

Biischial diameter; 10cm

63
Q

PELVIS:
- transverse diameter of outlet
- measurement: ______

A

Tuberischial diameter; 8cm

64
Q

Name the ff. parts of the mammary glands:
1) milk-producing cells: ______
2) collecting duct/ lactiferous duct
3) storage: ______
4) nipples
5) areola: _____

A

1) Acini Cells
3) Lactiferous sinus
5) Montgomery’s Tubercles

65
Q

1) _____ - hormone for milk _____
2) _____ - hormone for milk _____

A

1) prolactin; production
2) oxytocin; expression

66
Q

MALE REPRO:
- area over symphysis pubis

A

MONS PUBIS

67
Q

MALE REPRO: The penile shaft contains two corpuses:

A

corpus spongiosum & corpus cavernosa

68
Q

MALE REPRO:
- wrinkled pouch of thin skin, covering a tight muscle
- protects the testes from trauma and changes in temperature

69
Q

MALE REPRO: Temp. of the testes must not go _____

A

2 degrees lower than body temp.

70
Q

MALE REPRO: aka as male sex glands or gonads

71
Q

MALE REPRO: Size of the testes

72
Q

MALE REPRO:
1) _____ - site of spermatogenesis
2) _____ - secretes testosterone
3) _____ - provide nourishment to the sperm

A

1) semineferous tubules
2) Leydig’s / interstitial cells
3) Sertoli cells

73
Q

MALE REPRO:
1) storage site for maturing sperm
2) approx. _____ long
3) it absorbs about _____ of the fluid secreted by the testis
4) sperm remain stored here for _____ and are absorbed if not ejaculated prior to that time.

A

1) EPIDIDYMIS
2) 20FT. LONG
3) 90%
4) 40-60 DAYS

74
Q

MALE REPRO:
- Passage way for sperm from epididymis to seminal vesicles

A

Vas deferens/Ductus deferens

75
Q

MALE REPRO:
- allows the sperm to enter the urethra and then exit the body
- passes the prostate gland

A

Ejaculatory duct

76
Q

MALE REPRO: The 3 accessory organs of the Male Repro.

A

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

77
Q

MALE REPRO:
- located along the lower posterior surface of the bladder
- _____ semen produced

A

seminal vesicles; 30%

78
Q

MALE REPRO:
- surrounds the prostatic urethra
- _____ semen produced

A

prostate gland; 60%

79
Q

MALE REPRO:
- aka _____ gland
- located below the prostate
- _____ semen production

A

Cowper’s gland; 5%

80
Q

MALE REPRO:
- passageway for urine and semen
- _____ hollow tube

A

URETHRA, 18-20cm

81
Q

MALE REPRO:
- thick, whitish fluid ejaculated by the man during orgasm
- mixture of secretion from epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, and bulbourethral gland.

82
Q

MALE REPRO: Normal sperm count

A

50-120 million/ml

83
Q

MALE REPRO: Infertility sperm count

A

<20-25 million/ml

84
Q

MALE REPRO:
- produced by the prostate and seminal vesicles
- stimulate peristaltic contractions of the female reproductive tract that may help draw semen into the uterus.

A

Prostaglandins

85
Q

MALE REPRO:
- is a base that reduces acidity of the female vagina, increasing the survival rate of sperm.

86
Q

MALE REPRO:
- Initiated by sympathetic nerve impulses

A

EJACULATION

87
Q

MALE REPRO: How many sperms reach their destination?

A

100 sperms

88
Q

MALE REPRO:
- a period following ejaculation and lasting anywhere from 10 minutes to a few hours

A

REFRACTORY PERIOD

89
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: periodic shedding of blood, mucus & epithelial cells from uterus

A

MENSTRUATION

90
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: Time between the beginning of one period & beginning of next period.

A

MENSTRUAL CYCLE

91
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: 4 structures involved

A

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, ovary, uterus

92
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: the hypothalamus releases ____

93
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: produces a majority of all hormones in the Pituitary Gland

A

Adenohypophysis

94
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: yellow body produces lutein which is rich with Progesterone

A

Corpus luteum

95
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: If unfertilized the corpus luteum turns into _____

A

corpus albicans

96
Q

PHYSIOLOGY:
o immediately after menstrual flow, first 4-5 days of the cycle
o also called Estrogenic, Follicular, or Postmenstrual.

A

First Phase (Proliferative)

97
Q

PHYSIOLOGY:
o 6-14 days
o also termed as Progestational, Luteal, Premenstrual.
o the lining of the endometrium is rich with capillaries and spongy layers

A

Second Phase (Secretory)

98
Q

PHYSIOLOGY:
o 15-28 days
o at 8- 10 days, the corpus luteum begins to regress
o the endometrium of the uterus begins to degenerate (app. at day 24 or 25 of the cycle)
o Capillaries rupture

A

Third Phase (Ischemic)

99
Q

PHYSIOLOGY:
o actual menstrual flow - which is the end of a defined menstrual cycle
o the only external marker of the cycle,

A

Fourth Phase (Menses)

100
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: The measure of average menstrual flow

101
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: The Average flow of menstrual blood

102
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: marks end of reproductive life as a result of estrogen depletion

103
Q

PHYSIOLOGY: transitional period during which ovarian function & hormonal production decline (35y/o)

A

climacteric

104
Q

PHYSIOLOGY:
- expulsion of an ovum from the ovary on spontaneous rupture of a mature follicle as a result of cyclic ovarian and pituitary endocrine function.
- It usually occurs on the fourteenth day after the first day of the last menstrual period and often causes brief, sharp lower abdominal pain on the side of the ovulating ovary

105
Q

WOMEN
* vaginal lubrication
* vaginal barrel lengthens and distends
* cervix and fundus are pulled upward
* clitoris increase in size

MEN
* erection
* scrotal skin becomes congested and thick

BOTH there is an increase HR, RR and BP

A

EXCITEMENT - 1st phase

106
Q

WOMEN
* clitoris retracts under the hood
* vagina becomes greatly engorged along with labia minora

MEN
* pre-orgasmic emission
* testes continues to elevate until they are situated close to the body to facilitate ejaculatory pressure

A

PLATEAU – 2nd stage; the entry & coitus phase

107
Q

WOMEN
* strong vaginal contractions
* (8-15 contractions at interval of 0.8’’ )

MEN
* occurrence of ejaculation (3-7 propulsive ejaculatory contractions at same interval with women)
* shortest stage of sexual response cycle

A

ORGASM - 3rd stage climax

108
Q

WOMEN
* female has no refractory period

MEN
* REFRACTORY PERIOD: ( 30 min )

A

RESOLUTION - 4th stage - phase of relaxation

109
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who is or has been pregnant

110
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who is pregnant for the first time

A

Primigravida

111
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who has given birth to one child past age of viability

112
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who has been pregnant previously

113
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who has carried five or more pregnancies

A

Grand multipara

114
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who has carried two or more pregnancies to viability

115
Q

PREGNANCY: a woman who has never been and is not currently pregnant

A

Nulliparous

116
Q

PREGNANCY: The ff. are known as:
o Amenorrhea – no menstrual cycle
o Fatigue
o Uterine Enlargement
o Nausea & Vomiting
o Breast changes
o Urinary Frequency
o Darkening of face, breast and abdomen (chloasma, linea negra, stria gravidarum)
o Quickening

A

Presumptive Signs

117
Q

PREGNANCY:
o Uterine changes: Chadwicks, Goodell’s, Hegar’s,
o Enlargement of uterus
o Ballottement
o Pregnancy Test
o Braxton Hicks

A

Probable Signs

118
Q

PREGNANCY:
o Demonstration of a fetal heart separate from the mother’s
o Heart -Starts to beat as early as 24th day
o FHB - Audible at 10th to 12th week by doppler, 18th to 24th week by stet at 120-160 beats/ min.
o Other sounds: Funic Souffle and uterine Souffle
o Fetal movements felt by an examiner
o Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound
o Fetal Outline and Movement: UTZ and X-ray shows fetal skeleton 14th to 20th week of pregnancy.

A

Positive Signs

119
Q

PREGNANCY:
o Ambivalence
o Fear
o fantasies about motherhood & about having a “dreamchild”
o possible decrease in sex drive

Tasks:
o accepting the pregnancy
o “I am pregnant”

A

First trimester

120
Q

PREGNANCY:
o alternate feelings of emotional well-being and lability
o acceptance of pregnancy
o possible increase in sex drive
o adjustment to change in body image

TASK:
o accepting the fetus
o “A baby is growing inside me”

A

SECOND TRIMESTER

121
Q

PREGNANCY:
o feelings of awkwardness & clumsiness
o fears & tension about labor
o spurt of energy during the last month.

TASK:
o preparing for parenthood
o preparing the baby and end of pregnancy
o arranging for infant’s care
o developing economic patterns
o reevaluation of household assignments
o acquisition of knowledge about pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood
o expectant Father

A

THIRD TRIMESTER

122
Q

PREGNANCY: precolostrums can be expressed from nipples as early as

A

12th-14th weeks

123
Q

PREGNANCY: During pregnancy, the uterus enlarges to _____

A

50 to 1000 grams

124
Q

PREGNANCY: whitish, viscous vaginal discharge or an increase in the amount of normal vaginal secretions.

A

Leukorrhea

125
Q

PREGNANCY:
o increase in blood volume
o increase in cardiac output
o varicosities
o ______ – rise slowly from supine
o edema of lower extremities
o palpitations
o physiologic anemia
o increase in WBC, fibrinogen
o heart rate increases 10- 15 beats / min.

A

Cardiovascular System; supine hypotension

126
Q

PREGNANCY:
o increase O2 demand
o dyspnea
o displacement of the diaphragm
o nasal stuffiness & or congestion

A

Respiratory System

127
Q

PREGNANCY:
o morning sickness and pyrosis
o ptyalism
o softening of gums
o pica
o constipation

A

Gastrointestinal System

128
Q

PREGNANCY:
o urinary stasis
o urinary frequency
o asymptomatic bacteriuria
o reduced bladder tone

A

Urinary System

129
Q

PREGNANCY:
o _____ aka (pride of pregnancy)
o characteristics waddle
o _____ – overstretching & separation of the abdominal vasculature.

A

Musculoskeletal System; Lordosis; diastasis recti

130
Q

PREGNANCY:
o chloasma/melasma
o linea nigra
o striae gravidarum
o erythematous changes on palms and face
o diaphoresis

A

Integumentary System

131
Q

PREGNANCY:
o secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum during the first 3 months
o slight hyperthyroidism and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland
o increased size of parathyroid
o increased melanocyte stimulating hormone
o addition of the placenta as an endocrine gland
o gradual increase of Insulin
o increase BMR
o suppression of FSH/LH
o increase production of growth hormone
o production of Oxytocin late in pregnancy
o production of Prolactin

A

Endocrine System

132
Q

PREGNANCY:
o group of physiological & behavioral manifestation experienced by the husband
o are often the result of stress, anxiety & empathy for the pregnant women

A

COUVADE SYNDROME

133
Q

STAGES OF DEV: The 3 periods of fetal development and their weeks.

A
  1. Preembryonic (1-2 weeks)
  2. Embryonic (3-7weeks)
  3. Fetal (8 weeks)
134
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
1) _____ - from ovulation to fertilization
2) Zygote - from _____
3) _____ - from implantation to 5- 8 weeks
4) Fetus - from ______
5) _____ - developing embryo and placental structures throughout pregnancy

A

1) Ovum
2) fertilization to implantation
3) Embryo
4) 5-8 weeks until term
5) Conceptus

135
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
- ovum moves to the ampulla by means of peristaltic movement
- sperms move into the ampulla by means of their tail

A

Prefertilization

136
Q

STAGES OF DEV: physiologic removal of the acrosome

A

capacitation

137
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
- proteolytic enzyme released by the ______
- acts to dissolve layer of cells protecting the ovum

A

HYALURONIDASE; spermatozoa

138
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
* _____ – cells that encircles the zona pellucida
* _____ – protective covering of the ovum

A

corona radiata; zona pellucida

139
Q

STAGES OF DEV: ovum becomes impenetrable to other sperm

A

zona reaction

140
Q

STAGES OF DEV: fertilization is never a certain occurrence because it depends on at least three separate factors:

A

1) equal maturation of both sperms and ovum
2) ability of the sperm to reach the ovum
3) ability of the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and cell membrane and achieve fertilization

141
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
1) life span of ovum – _____
2) life span of sperm – _____

A

1) 24-48 hours
2) 48-72 hours

142
Q

STAGES OF DEV: How many autosomes and sex chromosomes are needed for sex determination?

A

22 autosomes, 1 (x or y in males) sex chromosome (from each sex)

143
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
o fertilized ovum to implantation
o single cell, the product of fertilization

144
Q

STAGES OF DEV: Takes 8-10 days after fertilization; the process wherein the zygote burrows into the endometrium.

A

Implantation

145
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
a) ______ – 2nd day
b) ______ – 3rd day
c) ______ - 4th day

A

a) blastomere
b) morula
c) blastocyst

146
Q

STAGES OF DEV:
1) the blastocyst brushes against the uterine endometrium called _____
2) then attaches to endometrium called _____
3) and finally settles down into the soft folds of the endometrium called _____

A

1) apposition
2) adhesion
3) invasion

147
Q

FETAL STRUCTURES:
because of the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin
(HCG), a hormone secreted by the trophoblast cells, the corpus Luteum continues to function after fertilization. The endometrium, instead of sloughing off, continues to grow
in thickness and vascularity. It is now called _____

148
Q

FETAL STRUCTURES:
o fingerlike projections that reach out from the trophoblast cells
into the uterine endometrium to begin formation of the
placenta.
o this is about the _____ day after fertilization
o at term nearly ___ are formed

A

CHORIONIC VILLI
11th or 12th day
200

149
Q

FETAL STRUCTURES:
first hormone to be produced by placenta

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

150
Q

FETAL STRUCTURES:
1) both growth-promoting and with lactogenic properties (milk producing)
2) regulates maternal glucose, protein and fat levels to ensure adequate amount of these are always available to the
fetus.

A

Human Placental Lactogen

151
Q

FETAL STRUCTURES:
1. _____ - is a connection between the umbilical vein & ascending vena cava, bypassing the fetal liver.
2. _____ - a connection between the pulmonary trunk & aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs.
3. _____ - is an opening between the right & left atria during fetal life, also bypassing the fetal lungs.

A
  1. DUCTUS VENOSUS
  2. DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
  3. FORAMEN OVALE

NURSING Y2S1 (6 decks)

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