McGowan DSA Flashcards
1
Q
Causes of nausea and vomiting
A
Not all from GI-related causes
2
Q
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
A
- Trouble initiating swallowing
- Causes include neurologic, muscular, metabolic, infectious, structural and motility disorders
3
Q
Esophageal dysphagia
A
- D/t mechanical or motility disorder
- Ask if solids/liquids better?, progressive?, constant?
4
Q
Mechanical obstruction
A
Solid foods worse than liquids
5
Q
Motility disorder
A
Solid and liquids both bad
6
Q
Achalasia
A
- Loss of NO producing inhibitory neurons in myenteric plexus
- Progressive dysphagia for solids/liquids
- Regurgitation of undigested food
- Bird’s beak sign @ distal esophagus
- Esophageal manometry or barium swallow
7
Q
Chagas disease
A
- Secondary achalasia d/t trypanosoma cruzi
8
Q
H pylori characteristics
A
- Flagellated, spiral, bacilli, urease-producing
- Colonizes gastic antral mucosa
- Associated with Cag-A toxin +
- MALT lymphoma
9
Q
Detection of H pylori
A
- Urea breath test and fecal antigen test both good first line tests/confirmation for eradication
10
Q
Gastric Ulcers
A
- H pylori damages gastric mucosa
- NSAID use increases risk
- Sharp and burning epigastric pain that worsens 30 minutes-1hr after eating
11
Q
Duodenal Ulcers
A
- H pylori also implicated
- Gnawing epigastric pain
- Worsening pain 3-5 hrs after eating (eating itself may relieve pain temporarily)
12
Q
Why are NSAIDS a risk factor for gastric ulcers?
A
They inhibit COX 1/2 and prostaglandins, which protect gastric mucosa
13
Q
Cushing ulcer
A
secondary to intracranial lesion
14
Q
Curling ulcer
A
secondary to severe burns
15
Q
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
A
- Severely elevated gastrin and secretin
- Large mucosal folds on endoscopy
