MCG - (Practical Pt.1) Use of PCR to Genotype Individuals Flashcards
Why are cheek swabs used for PCR?
The inside of the cheek is an easily accessible source of somatic cells.
Cheek cells are easily dislodged by gentle scraping.
These cells can be lysed to allow isolation of genomic DNA.
What is genomic DNA?
Genomic DNA is the DNA contained within the chromosomes.
It includes all the genetic material required for development and function of the body.
Why is PCR used to specifically generate many copies of TAS2R38?
Only very small amounts of genomic DNA is isolated from a cheek swab.
We need several nanograms of DNA to be able to analyse the DNA sequence.
PCR allows the ability to generate many copies of a specific region of the genome for diagnosis and sequencing.
What is a genotype?
What is a phenotype?
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
The genotype of an organism is defined as the sum of all its genes.
The phenotype of an organism is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic make-up and environmental influences.
The genotype codes for the phenotype.
What is a haplotype?
A haplotype is a set of DNA variations, or polymorphisms, that tend to be inherited together.
A haplotype can refer to a combination of alleles or to a set of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found on the same chromosome.
