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MCAT > MCAT Physics > Flashcards

MCAT Physics Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

What are the units of kinetic energy (derived unit and derivation)

A

J = N*m = kgm2/s2

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2
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

The first law of thermodynamics if that energy is neither created nor destroyed. This means the energy of a closed system (such as the universe) will always remain constant.

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3
Q

What is the relationship between work and energy?

A

W’=∆E=∆K+∆U

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4
Q

What is the relationship between work and force?

A

W=Fdcosθ

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5
Q

What is work? (definition not equation)

A

Work is not actually a form of energy but a process by which energy is transferred from one system to another. The other transfer of energy is called heat

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6
Q

What is the relationship between power and work?

A

P=(W/∆ t)

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7
Q

What are the units of power? (derived unit and derivation)

A

Watts (W = J/s = N*m = kg(m2/s3)

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8
Q

What are the units of pressure? (derived unit, derivation, and conversion)

A

pascal (Pa = N/m2 = kg/(ms2)

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 Torr = 105 Pa (N/m2)

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9
Q

What is the work-energy theorem?

A

Wnet = ∆K = Kf - Ki

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10
Q

What is momentum?

A

p=mv

Momentum (p) is a quality of objects in motion.

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11
Q

What is impulse?

A

J = F∆t = ∆p = mvf - mvi

Impluse (J) is the change in momentum and is a vector quantity

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12
Q

What are the units of impulse? (derived unit and derivation)

A

N*s = kg(m/s)

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13
Q

What are the units of force? (derived unit and derivation)

A

N = kg(m/s2)

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14
Q

What is a completely elastic collision

A

Completely elastic collisions occur when two or more objects collide in such a way that both total momentum and total kinetic energy are conserved. This means that no energy of motions has been transformed in the instance of the collision into another form, such as therm, light, or sound

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15
Q

What is a completely inelastic collision?

A

Completely inelastic collision occur when the object that collide stick together rather than moving apart.

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16
Q

What is efficiency? (equation)

A

Efficiency = Wout/Win = [(load)(load distance)]/[(effort)(effort distance)]

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17
Q

What type(s) of collisions conserve kinetic energy?

A

Only elastic collisions conserve kinetic energy. In inelastic collisions, kinetic energy is trasnformed into another form such as heat, light or sound

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18
Q

What type(s) of collisions conserve momentum?

A

Completely inelastic collisions, inelastic, and completely inelastic

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19
Q

What is the equation for center of mass

A

x = [(m1x1)+(m2x2)…]/(m1+m2…) = center of mass

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20
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

0 K, -273°C, -460°F

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21
Q

What is the freezing point of water? (all temperature units)

A

273 K, 0°C, 32°F

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22
Q

What is the boiling point of water? (all temperature units)

A

373 K, 100°C, 212°F

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23
Q

What is the equation to convert between F and C?

A

TF = 9/5 TC + 32

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24
Q

What is the equation for thermal expansion?

A

∆L=αL∆T (∆L=change in length, L=original length, ∆T=change in temperature, α=(K-1)constant that characterizes how a specific material’s length changes as the temperature changes)

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25
Q

What is the equation for volume expansion?

A

∆V=βV∆T (β=3α where α (K-1) is a constant that characterizes how a specific material’s length changes as the temperature changes)

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26
Q

What are the units for heat?

A

joule (J), calorie (cal), British thermal unit (Btu)

27
Q

What is the relationship among the different units for heat?

A

1 Cal = 103 cal = 3.97 Btu = 4184J

28
Q

What is conduction?

A

Conduction is the direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule through molecular collisions. At a molecular level, the particles of the hotter matter transfer some of their motional energy to the particles of the cooler matter through collisions between the particle of the two materials.

29
Q

What is convection?

A

Convection is the transfer of heat by the physcial motion of the heat material. Because convection involves flow, only fluids (liquids and gases) can transfer heat. In convection, heated portions of the fluid rise from the heat source, while colder portions sink.

30
Q

What is an example of a good conductor? Bad conductor?

A

Metals are the best, gases are the worst. Metals have a density of atoms embedded in sea of electrons that characterize metallic bond facilitates energy trasnfer. Gases are poorest because there is too much space between indvidual molecules.

31
Q

What is radiation?

A

Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

32
Q

Define specific heat

A

The specific heat of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 K or 1° C

33
Q

What is the relationship between heat and specific heat? (equation)

A

Q=mc∆T

34
Q

What is the specific heat of water?

A

1 c/(gram°C)=4.186 J/(gram°C)

35
Q

What is the term for solid to gas?

A

Sublimation

36
Q

What is the term for gas to solid?

A

Deposition

37
Q

What is the term for liquid to solid?

A

Freezing

38
Q

What is the term for gas to liquid?

A

Condensation

39
Q

What is the term for liquid to gas?

A

Vaporization

40
Q

How can we determine the heat of transformation?

A

Q=mL (L is the heat of transformation, m is the mass of the substance, Q is the amount of heat lost or gained)

41
Q

Define heat of fusion

A

The corresponding heat of transformation for the phase change from liquid to solid (freezing) or solid to liquid (melting or fusion). This occurs at the melting point temperature.

42
Q

Define heat of vaporization

A

The corresponding heat of transformation for the phase change from liquid to gas (vaporization) or gas to liquid (condensation). This occurs at the boiling point temperature.

43
Q

What is the sign (+,-) of work done by a system?

A

+

44
Q

What is the sign (+,-) of work done on a system

A

-

45
Q

What is the relationship between work and pressure

A

W=P∆V

46
Q

Define adiabatic and its affect on the first law of thermodynamics

A

Adiabatic processes have no heat exchange. Q=0 so ∆U=-W

47
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics? (equation)

A

∆U=Q-W

48
Q

Define isovolumetric and its affects on the first law of thermodynamics

A

Isovolumetric (isochoric) processes occur at constant volume so work=0 (since W=P∆V). ∆U=Q

49
Q

Define closed cycle and its affects on the first law of thermodynamics

A

Closed cycle (isothermal) processes have constant internal energy so ∆U=0 and Q=w

50
Q

Define isochoric and its affects on the first law of thermodynamics

A

Isovolumetric (isochoric) processes occur at constant volume so work=0 (since W=P∆V). ∆U=Q

51
Q

Define isothermal and its affects on the first law of thermodynamics

A

Closed cycle (isothermal) processes have constant internal energy so ∆U=0 and Q=w

52
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

The second law of thermodynamis is that energy spontaneously disperses from being localized to becoming spread out if it is not hindered from doing so. Entropy of the universe is always increasing.

53
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics? (equation)

A

∆S=Q/T (∆S is the change in entropy, Q is the heat gained or lost, T is the temperature in Kelvin)

54
Q

How do we calculate entropy for a reversible process?

A

∆S=Q/T=HL*m/T (HL is the latenet heat (either Hfus or Hvap), m is mass and T is the constant temperature of the system and environment in Kelvin)

55
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temperature. Objects in thermal equilibrium experience no net exchange of heat energy.

56
Q

Define entropy

A

Entropy is a measure of how much energy has spread out or how spread out energy has become

57
Q

How is the energy of a photon related to wavelength? (equation

A

λ = hc/E –> (E=hf=hc/λ) where h is Planck’s constant

58
Q

Define electromagnetic waves

A

Electromagetic waves are transverse waves that can propagate through vacuum, as well as through other media such as air and water. EM waves have both electrical and magnetic components, with amplitudes perpendicular to each other and to the direction in which the wave is propagating.

59
Q

Electromagnetic waves propagate through space at what speed?

A

c = 3 x 10^8 m/s

60
Q

What is the centripetal force equation?

A

Fc=(mv^2)/r

61
Q

What is the centripetal acceleration equation?

A

ac=v^2/r

62
Q

What is the equation for mechanical advantage?

A

MA=force output/force input

63
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

V=IR

64
Q

How is power related to voltage?

A

P=IV

MCAT (6 decks)

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