MCAST Flashcards
(40 cards)
Define Organic
Compounds that make up atoms the are covalently bonded to elements, typically oxygen, hydrogen, and other carbon atoms
All living things are made up of 6 essential elements (SPONCH) what are these 6?
Sulfer, phosphorus, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
Elements join together by chemical bonds to form compounds. Name the 3 types of chemical bonds.
- Hydrogen
- Covalent
- Ionic
What are the 4 major categories of organic molecules that are made up of the SPONCH elements?
Lipids, Carbs, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
What are the elements, structures, functions, and examples of lipids?
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Structure: 3 fatty acid chains linked by a glycerol backbone
Function: building blocks of the cell membrane and energy storing molecules
Examples: serious like cholesterol & fats
What are the elements, structures, functions, and examples of carbs?
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Structure: monosaccharides (glucose molecules) bonded together in long chains called ploysaccharides (starch)
Function: key source of energy
Examples: sugar and starch
What are the elements, structures, functions, and examples proteins?
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
Structure: amino acids are bonded in long chains that coil around each other into specific shapes called proteins
Function: some proteins are enzymes (speed up reactions) some are structural (hair, muscle, skin, tendons, ect) and some are antibodies (protect body from infection)
Examples: enzymes, collagen, antibodies
What are the elements, structures, functions, and examples of nucleic acids?
Elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Structure: long chain of nucleotides bonded together
Function: some nucleic acids are DNA (store hereditary information) and some are RNA (aid in building proteins )
Examples: DNA, RNA
Define chemical reaction:
The process during which chemical bonds between atoms are broken and new ones are formed, producing one or more different substances
What is an example of a chemical reaction and label the reactants and products
NaCl (Reactants) –> (Na+) + (Cl-) (Products)
Define activation energy
The energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Define enzyme
Proteins that increase the speed of a chemical reaction
How does an enzyme affect the activation energy for a chemical reaction?
Enzymes are catalysts; they reduce the activation energy needed for chemical reaction to take place
Any factors that affect the shape of an enzyme affect the enzymes’s activity. What effect does pH and temperature have on an enzymes ability to catalyze (speed up) a reaction?
Enzymes work well within very specific ranges of pH and temperature. If the pH or temperature changes to outside of the range, the enzyme shape changes and thus no longer works to speed up the reaction.
Function of Plasma Membrane
Encloses the cell and separates cytoplasm from its surroundings: selective permeability.
Function of Nuclear envelope
separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Function of Nucleus
is the control center of the cell; stores DNA and makes mRNA
Function of Nucleolus
located inside the nucleus, mRNA are made here
Function of cytoplasm
interior part of the cell
made up of fluid that cushions the organelles
Function of mitochondria
provides energy to the cell
Function of Endoplasmic reticulum
processes and modifies proteins that were made in the nucleolus
Function of Golgi Apparatus
packages proteins into vesicles for export throughout the cell
Function of Lysosome
Contains digestive enzymes to clean up cell
Function of Ribosome
Aid in protein synthesis
