Maybe Study Flashcards
- What were the significant developments of the European Foundation Period in the history of learning disabilities?
• We can trace the history of Learning Disabilities field to early 19th century in Europe. Physicians and researchers found the relationship between brain injury and behaviors, primarily disorders of the spoken language. Later research gave way to brain abnormalities and disorders of reading.
How did the passing of state laws mandating compulsory education influence the evolving filed of learning disabilities?
• It was the US Foundation for the field of Learning Disabilities. The focus at this time became remediation. They would develop diagnostic categories, assessment tools, and remedial interventions that would influence future practice. Much of this work focused on reading disabilities.
What were the contributions of the following individuals to the field of learning disabilities;
• Strauss and Werner -They destroyed the notion that mental retardation was a homogeneous state. Concern for the diagnosis of particular disabilities and educational procedures based upon their recommendations became the basic principles upon which the field of Learning Disabilities was constructed. They also found that standardized test scores should be interpreted with caution. One must go beyond standardized achievement test scores.
o were key in adapting Goldstein’s findings to treatment of children with intellectual disabilities (then referred to as “mental retardation”.
o they destroyed the notion that mental retardation was a homogeneous state.
o important in that there is movement away from simply looking at standardized test scores and looking at the “why” of scores.
What were the contributions of the following individuals to the field of learning disabilities;
o William Cruickshank he carried forward the work of Werner and Strauss and was responsible for building the bridge between the research previously conducted with students with intellectual disabilities and research with children who would now be considered to have a Learning Disability.
o Carried forward Werner and Strauss’s work
o was responsible for building a bridge between the research previously conducted with students with intellectual disabilities and research with children who would now be considered to have LD.
What were the highlights of the Emergent period?
o The emergence of the concept of LD as opposed to viewing all children who could not learn as retarded, however, the definition remained the same.
o The Education of the Handicapped Act was signed into law in 1975.
o 1968- U.S. Office of Education- The first Annual Report of the National Advisory Committee on Handicapped Children developed the def of LD which we use today.
Which president signed the EAHCA (Education of Handicapped Children) Law?
Gerald R. Ford
What two major debates defined the Turbulent Period in the field of learning disabilities
The first major debate was about the definition of a learning disability which took place between 1975-1997; however, the reauthorization of IDEA included essentially the same definition found in the 1975 EAHCA, which also remained the same for the IDEIA in 2004. The second major debate was about placement for special education students, including those with learning disabilities. Prior to this time, Mainstreaming was the prevailing philosophy. This launched the regular education initiative which called for inclusion or “mainstreaming on steroids”
