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Oral Surgery 2 > Maxillofacial Trauma II > Flashcards

Maxillofacial Trauma II Flashcards

1
Q

classification of fractures

A
  1. greenstick
  2. simple fracture
  3. comminuted fracture
  4. compound fracture (open)
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2
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete fracture

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3
Q

simple fracture

A

single fracture line

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4
Q

comminuted fracture

A

results in multiple fractured segments

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5
Q

compound fracture (open)

A

communication with the external environment

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6
Q

how does a compound fracture (open) communicate with the external environment?

A

through…

  1. PDL
  2. sinus
  3. mucosa
  4. skin
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7
Q

symphysis of mandible

A

area between mental foramina

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8
Q

parasymphysis of mandible

A

posterior to canine and anterior to mental foramina

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9
Q

body of mandible

A

between mental foramina and distal of second molar

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10
Q

angle of mandible

A

distal of second molar and inferior aspect of ramus

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11
Q

ramus of mandible

A

between sigmoid notch and angle

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12
Q

condyle of mandible

A

between sigmoid notch and top of condylar head

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13
Q

T/F: with open fracture, forces are all tooth bearing

A

true

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14
Q

midface fractures

A
  1. lefort 1
  2. lefort 2
  3. lefort 3
  4. zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC)
  5. NOE
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15
Q

lefort 1 (horizontal)

A

may result from a force of injury directed low on the maxillary alveolar rim in a downward direction

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16
Q

lefort 2 (pyramidal)

A

result from blow to lower or mid maxillary area

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17
Q

lefort 3 (transverse)

A

may follow impact to the nasal bridge or upper maxilla

also referred to as craniofacial dysjunction

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18
Q

zygomaticomaxillary complex (ZMC)

A

cheekbone is fractured

19
Q

what structures are involved in a NOE fracture?

A
  1. frontal sinus
  2. naso-orbital-ethmoid (NOE)
  3. orbital floor
20
Q

dentoalveolar fractures

A

fracture to teeth and alveolar bone that may extend to adjacent bone

21
Q

panfacial fractures

A

fracture of all the facial bones

22
Q

goals of tx’ing facial fractures

A
  1. fracture healing
  2. return of normal fxn
  3. restore facial/dental esthetics
  4. restore occlusion
23
Q

principles of managing facial fractures

A
  1. reduction
  2. stabilization
  3. immobilization
  4. prevent infection
  5. restoration of occlusion
24
Q

tx options for facial fractures

A
  1. no tx
  2. closed reduction
  3. open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF)
  4. combo
25
Q

non-surgical tx for facial fractures

A
  1. soft, no-chew diet
  2. close follow-up
  3. low tolerance for switching to surgical tx
26
Q

T/F: there are many non-surgical tx options for facial fractures

A

false, very limited application

27
Q

when is non-surgical tx of facial fractures indicated?

A

fractures WITHOUT MALOCCLUSION and a compliant patient

28
Q

what type of facial fractures are indicated for non-surgical tx?

A
  1. subcondylar

2. greenstick

29
Q

closed reduction

A

dentition of hte opposite arch used as the handle to reduce the fracture

30
Q

what must the pt have in order to have closed reduction performed?

A
  1. good teeth
  2. favorable fracture
  3. min-moderate displacement
31
Q

what happens after occlusion of patient with facial fracture is established

A

teeth then need to be wired together (maxillo-mandibular fixation)

32
Q

what can be used to wire together teeth of patients with facial fracture for closed reduction?

A
  1. arch bars and MMF (maxillo-mandibular fixation)

2. ivy loops and MMF

33
Q

how long should maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) be for?

A

4-8 weeks

34
Q

the length of maxillo-mandibular fixation (MMF) depends on what?

A
  1. fracture(s)
  2. age of pt
  3. medical hx
35
Q

open reducation with internal fixation (ORIF)

A

expose fractures and use direct visualization and dentition to manipulate segments into place then fixate with plates and screws

36
Q

indications for open reducation with internal fixation (ORIF)

A
  1. grossly displaced
  2. cannot tolerate MMF
  3. need a short/absent period of MMF
37
Q

which pts can’t tolerate MMF?

A

pts with seizures, lung disease

38
Q

which type of patients need a short/absent period of MMF?

A

pts with condylar fractures

39
Q

advantages of intraoral surgical approach

A
  1. no external scar

2. no FACIAL NERVE damage

40
Q

disadvantages of intraoral surgical approach

A
  1. oral contamination

2. fracture reduction can be more difficult to reduce

41
Q

advantages of of extraoral surgical approach

A

excellent access for reduction and fixaton

42
Q

disadvantages of of extraoral surgical approach

A
  1. external scar

2. potential for facial nerve damage

43
Q

what is involved in panfacial trauma?

A
  1. frontal bone
  2. ZMC
  3. NOE region
  4. maxilla and mandible

Oral Surgery 2 (13 decks)

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