Maxillofacial Surgery

Question 1

What are consequences of facial deformity?

Answer 1

Loss of sight, smell, speech, eating, breathing and talking

Neurological implications like loss of confidence/depression

Question 2

How does facial appearance being important in most cultures impact the treatment of facial deformaties?

Answer 2

Must restore both form and function

Question 3

What is the aetiology of facial deformaties?

Answer 3

Assualts (52%)

RTAs

Sports

Falls

Industrial

Question 4

What are the different subtypes of facial deformity?

Answer 4

Bone injury (mandible, midface - maxilla, zygomatic, orbit)

Soft tissue

Combination of both

Question 5

What is the most common fracture of the face?

Answer 5

Nasal fracture

Question 6

What is the second most common fracture of the face?

Answer 6

Mandibular fracture

Question 7

What is the common history of a mandibular fracture?

Answer 7

Blow to the face

Question 8

What are the symptoms of a mandibular fracture?

Answer 8

Pain on biting, swallowing

Teeth do not meet properly

Numb lip

Question 9

What are the signs of a mandibular fracture?

Answer 9

Swelling, tenderness along TMJs

Angles

Haematoma retromolar region or floor of mouth

Step deformity on occlusion

Question 10

What is cleft lip?

Answer 10

Congenital split in the upper lip

Question 11

What is cleft palate?

Answer 11

Congenital split in the mouth

Question 12

What are examples of congenital deformaties?

Answer 12

Cleft lip

Cleft mouth

Question 13

What investigations are done for cleft lip/palate?

Answer 13

Radiographs

Models

Photographs

Surgery simulation on computer

Question 14

What is the rule for the proportion of the face vertically?

Answer 14

Rule of 3rds

Question 15

What is the rule for the proportion of the face horizontally?

Answer 15

Rule of 5ths

Question 16

What surgical technique is used to access the maxilla?

Answer 16

Le Fort/osteotomy

Question 17

What is an osteotomy?

Answer 17

Surgical cutting of bone

Question 18

What surgical technique is used to access the mandible?

Answer 18

Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

Question 19

What is the most common head and neck cancer?

Answer 19

Oral cancer (95%)

Question 20

What is the male to female ratio of head and neck cancer?

Answer 20

2:1

Question 21

What is the incidence of head and neck cancer?

Answer 21

7-18/100000

Question 22

Is the incidence of head and neck cancer rising or falling?

Answer 22

Rising

Question 23

What is the most common cause of head and neck cancer?

Answer 23

Viruses such as HPV

Smoking

Question 24

What is the 5 year survival of all stages of oral cancer?

Answer 24

45%

Question 25

Oral cancer where has the worst prognosis?

Answer 25

Tongue

Question 26

What are worrying signs for oral cancer?

Answer 26

Area of redness Combined red/white lesions Indurate area of ulceration Area of ulceration that has been present for 3 weeks or more New area of melanin pigmentation

Question 27

What is the white patch present in oral cancer called?

Answer 27

Leukoplakia

Question 28

What is the red patch present in oral cancer called?

Answer 28

Erythoplakia

Question 29

What is where the mass of head and neck cancer is on the levels of the neck an indicator of?

Answer 29

Where the mass is from

Question 30

What is the best imaging technique for staging head and neck cancer?

Answer 30

CT

Question 31

What stage is any head and neck cancer just if N\>0?

Answer 31

Stage 3

Question 32

What are the 2 approaches for managing head and neck cancer?

Answer 32

Aim to cure Palliation

Question 33

What is the management for curing head and neck cancer?

Answer 33

Surgery (resection/recontruction with 1cm margin) With or without chemotherapy and radiotherapy)

Question 34

What is the best palliation treatment for head and neck cancer?

Answer 34

Best supportive care Palliative radiotherapy