maxillary sinus

Question 1

what age do maxillary and ethmoid sinuses form

Answer 1

between 3rd and 4th foetal months

Question 2

name 3 functions of the sinuses

Answer 2

give resonance to the voice
act as reserve chambers for warming inspired air
reduce weight of the skull

Question 3

average volumetric space of each maxillary sinus in an adult

Answer 3

15ml

Question 4

what is the opening of the maxillary sinus called

Answer 4

ostium

Question 5

where is the ostium of the maxillary sinus located

Answer 5

located superiorly on the medial wall of the sinus
leads into middle meatus
4mm in diameter (easily blocked)

Question 6

what epithelium lines the maxillary sinuses

Answer 6

pseudostratified cliliated columnar epithelium

Question 7

the alveolar canals transporting the posterior superior vessels to the maxillary posterior teeth are found where in the sinus

Answer 7

generally found on posterior wall of sinus cavity

Question 8

name 4 possible issues that may be encountered involving the maxillary sinus

Answer 8

OAC
OAF
root in antrum
sinusitis
benign lesions
malignant lesions

Question 9

name 3 things that should be included when giving post op instructions to a patient with an OAC

Answer 9

(need to minimise pressure formation within sinuses and mouth)
avoid blowing nose
avoid sucking through straw
avoid smoking
avoid inflating balloons
avoid singing

Question 10

what is classed as a small OAC and how are they treated

Answer 10

<2mm
usually heal on their own with normal blood clot formation and routine mucosal healing

Question 11

how is a large OAC treated

Answer 11

buccal advancement flap
full thickness of gingivae is raised

Question 12

what can a buccal advancement flap result in

Answer 12

loss of sulcus depth

Question 13

name 4 possible complaints a patient with a chronic OAF may present with

Answer 13

problems with fluid consumption - fluid comes out nose
problems with speech or singing - nasal quality
problems playing brass or wind instruments
problems smoking
problems drinking through a straw
bad taste/ halitosis/ pus discharge
pain/sinusitis symptoms

Question 14

aetiology of maxillary tuberosity fractures

Answer 14

single standing molar
unknown unerupted molar or wisdom tooth
extracting in wrong order (if extracting multiple go from back to front)
inadequate alveolar support

Question 15

name 4 signs of a maxillary tuberosity fracture

Answer 15

noise
movement noted visually +/- with supporting fingers
more than one tooth movement
tear in soft tissue of palate

Question 16

management of a maxillary tuberosity in practice

Answer 16

inform patient
splint teeth together
refer to OS
(if bone broken off, disect out and close wound)

Question 17

when should a CBCT be done if using for retrieval of a root from antrum

Answer 17

on day of retrieval
can move around with postural changes

Question 18

if retrieval of a root in antrum is unsuccesful via the sokcet what other approaches may be done

Answer 18

Caldwell Luc approach - buccal/ labial sulcus window
ENT - endoscopic retrieval