mandibular fractures and bone grafts Flashcards
symptoms of a mandibular fracture (3)
pain
limited function
loose or mobile teeth
facial asymmetry
clinical signs of a mandibular fracture (3)
sublingual haematoma
2 point vertical mobility
abnormal sensation on contralateral side to injury
what fracture may cause bleeding from ear
any in maxillo-facial region
how are mandibular fractures classified with regards to the involvement of surrounding tissue
simple - only damage to bone, no involvement of surrounding tissues
compound - damage to surrounding tissues as well as bone
comminuted - bone shattered (GSW)
how are mandibular fractures classified with regards to the number of fractures and side of fracture
number - single, double or multiple (>2)
side - uni or bilateral
how are mandibular fractures classified with regards to the direction of fracture line
favourible - minimises displacement
unfavourable - favours displacement
greenstick fracture
occur in children due to high organic content of bone
may not cuase complete separation of bone
name 3 factors that may influence whether a fracture is displaced
direction of fracture line
mechanism of injury
magnitude of force of injury
what are the 2 basic principles of active treatment of mandibular fractures
reduction - putting fracture segment to correct position
fixation - maintain current position
interpositional bone graft
bone is sandwiched between two surfaces (used to increase width)
onlay bone graft
(new) bone placed on top of bone
name 3 sites where bone grafts may be harvested from for OMFS and OS
iliac crest
chin
ramus
coronoid process
osteoconduction
materials or structures serve as a scaffold for new bone growth
osteoinduction
new bone growth via stimulation of undifferentiated/immature cells
alveolar distraction osteogenesis
use of a device to gradually separate bone over time which will gradually infill with new bone
name 3 sources of bone grafts (not sites)
autograft - same person (gold standard)
allograft - another human
xenograft - different species
surgical treatment for a displaced mandibular fracture
open reduction and internal fixation
(fracture is exposed and repositioned then fixated in place e.g with plates and screws)
palliative care
focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for patients without treating disease
alternative IDB technique that isnt halstead
akinosi
closed mouth technique
