Maxillary Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

Notation for maxillary right 1st premolar:

A

5

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2
Q

Notation maxillary right 2nd premolar:

A

4

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3
Q

Notation for maxillary left 1st premolar:

A

12

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4
Q

Notation for maxillary left 2nd premolar:

A

13

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5
Q

Label the maxillary premolars

A
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6
Q

The maxillary premolars are considered to be what type of teeth?

A

Posterior

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7
Q

How many maxillary premolars are present in the maxillary arch?

A

4

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8
Q

What surface do posterior teeth have that anterior teeth do not?

A

Occlusal surface

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9
Q

The maxillary premolars are made of how many cusps?

A

2 cusps

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10
Q

What are the two cusps of the maxillary premolars?

A

Lingual cusp & buccal cusp

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11
Q

What cusp of the maxillary premolars is considered the functional cusp?

A

Lingual cusp

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12
Q

What cusp on the maxillary premolars is considered the non-functional cusp?

A

Buccal

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13
Q

We should not refer to the maxillary premolars as:

A

Biscuspids

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14
Q

Maxillary premolars are succedaneous teeth and replace the:

A

Deciduous molars

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15
Q

Label the cusps:

A

Blue: buccal (wider)
Green: lingual (narrower)

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16
Q

How many lobes do the maxillary premolars develop from?

A

4 lobes

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17
Q

Categorize the 4 lobes that the maxillary premolars develop from:

A

3 buccal lobes
1 lingual lobe

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18
Q

What are the names of the 3 buccal lobes of the maxillary premolars?

A
  1. Mesiobuccal (MB)
  2. Middle buccal (B)
  3. Distobucal (DB)
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19
Q

What does the one lingual lobe of the maxillary premolar develop into?

A

Lingual cusp

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20
Q

A demarcation between the buccal and lingual lobes of the maxillary premolar:

A

Central developmental groove

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21
Q

What is the red line displaying?

A

Central developmental groove

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22
Q

Label the following views of the maxillary 1st premolar:

A
  1. Buccal
  2. Mesial
  3. Distal
  4. Lingual
  5. Occlusal
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23
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

Resembles what tooth?

A

Canine

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24
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

The outline is:

A

Roughly trapezoidal

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25
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

The buccal cusp is comprised of what cusp arms?

A

Mesial cusp arm and distal cusp arm

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26
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

On the buccal cusp, which cusp arm is longer and straighter? Which cusp arm is shorter and more curved?

A

Mesial

Distal

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27
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

Describe the mesial cusp arm of the buccal cusp

A

Mesial cusp arm= longer & straighter than distal cusp arm

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28
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

Describe the distal cusp arm:

A

Distal cusp arm is shorter and more curved than the mesial cusp arm

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29
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

Buccal height of contour is in the:

A

Cervical 1/3 of crown

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30
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

Mesial contact is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

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31
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

What lays just below the mesial contact?

A

Mesial concavity

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32
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

A mesial concavity is located:

A

Just below the mesial contact

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33
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

The distal contact is located:

A

Middle 1/3

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34
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

Describe the differences between the mesial and distal contacts:

A

Both located in middle 1/3 but distal contact is broader and more cervical

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35
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

The distal aspect is generally more:

A

Convex

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36
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

The middle lobe has a ______ and associated ______

A

Prominent buccal ridge and associated developmental depressions

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37
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

What lobes are less developed?

A

Mesial and distal lobes

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38
Q

First premolar: Buccal view

The less developed mesial and distal lobes results in:

A

Mesial and distal line angles

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39
Q

First premolar: Lingual view

The crown tapers:

A

Lingually

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40
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

The lingual part is more _____ than the buccal

A

Narrow

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41
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

The lingual aspect of the crown can be described as:

A

Smoothly convex

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42
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

The lingual cusp is ____ and more ____ than the buccal cusp

A

1mm shorter and more pointed

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43
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

What is visible from this view?

A

Buccal cusp

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44
Q

What view does the following image show?

A

Lingual view

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45
Q

Label mesial and distal sides from this lingual view:

A

Left: mesial
Right: distal

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46
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

The lingual cusp is located:

A

Mesially

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47
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

Because the lingual cusp is located mesially, this means that which cusp arm is shorter?

A

Mesial cusp arm

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48
Q

First premolar: Lingual View

The mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is ____ than the distolingual cusp arm (DL)

A

Shorter

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49
Q

From lingual view of the maxillary first premolar - the mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is shorter than the distolingual cusp arm. Why is this important?

A

Because this is opposite of the buccal cusp

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50
Q

Which is the lingual view and which is the buccal view on the maxillary 1st premolar?

A

A: Buccal
B: Lingual

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51
Q

Describe the cusp arm lengths in the lingual and buccal views of the maxillary first premolar:

A

Lingual view, the mesiolingual cusp arm is SHORTER than the distolingual cusp arm

Buccal view, the mesiolingual cusp arm is LONGER than the distolingual cusp arm

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52
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

What shape is the outline?

A

Trapezoidal

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53
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

How many cusps are visible from the mesial view?

A

2 visible cusps

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54
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

What to cusps are visible from the mesial view?

A

buccal and lingual

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55
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

Which cusp is taller (buccal or lingual)?

A

Buccal cusp

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56
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

The buccal height of contour is:

A

In cervical 1/3

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57
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour is:

A

In middle 1/3

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58
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

From a mesial view, the what depression can be seen?

A

Mesial developmental depression/concavity

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59
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

Why is it of significance that the the mesial developmental depression can be viewed from the mesial aspect?

A

Maxillary 2nd premolars do not have this!!!

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60
Q

What view are we seeing this first maxillary premolar from?

A

Mesial view

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61
Q

What is a defining trait of a maxillary first premolar?

A

Mesial developmental depression

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62
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

Describe the location of the mesial contact area:

A

Middle 1/3 and offset buccally

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63
Q

Name the orange and red anatomical features on the maxillary 1st premolar:

A

Orange: mesial contact

Red: mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

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64
Q
A

A- facial
B- lingual

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65
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

50-60 % have _____ roots; while ~50% have ____ roots.

A

2; 1

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66
Q

The first premolar: mesial view

Describe the root trunk:

A

Long root trunk (1/2-2/3 length of root)

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67
Q

The first maxillary premolar: mesial view

The root trunk extends from ____ to where ____ occurs.

A

CEJ; furcation

68
Q

The first maxillary premolar: mesial view

The bifurcated portion of the root is typically about ____ of its length

A

1/3

69
Q

The first maxillary premolar: distal view

List the differences of the distal view compared to the mesial view:

A

Absence of :
1. Mesial concavity
2. Mesial developmental depression
3. Marginal ridge developmental groove

70
Q

The first maxillary premolar: distal view

when compared to the mesial aspect, the distal curvature of the cervical line is:

A

Less

71
Q

The first maxillary premolar: distal view

The distal contact area is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

72
Q

The first maxillary premolar: distal view

Describe the distal contact area:

A

In middle 1/3, offset bucally, broader contact, and located more cervical (when compared to mesial)

73
Q

What view does the following image of the maxillary first premolar represent:

A

Distal view

74
Q

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What shape does the occlusal outline take on:

A

Hexagonal

75
Q

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view

____ dimension is greater than the ____ dimension

A

BL; MD

76
Q

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view

The crown is wider on the _____ than on the ____

A

Buccal than on the lingual

77
Q

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view

What cusps can be seen from this view?

A

Buccal and lingual cusp

78
Q

The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view

From this view we can see that each cusp is composed of:

A

4 ridges

79
Q

Label each side of this occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:

A

Top: Facial
Bottom: lingual
Right: mesial
Left: distal

80
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, what side is longer, the mesial or distal?

A

Mesial

81
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, what aspect is longer? FL or MD?

A

FL

82
Q

Label the following anatomy that can be seen from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:

A

A- Buccal Ridge
B- Mesial cusp arm
C- Cusp Tip
D- Lingual triangular ridge
E- Buccal triangular ridge
F- Distal cusp arm

83
Q

Label facial, lingual, distal and mesial from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:

A

A- Facial
B- Mesial
C- Lingual
D- Distal

84
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

A

Longer

85
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

The _____ cusp ridge is longer than the ____ cusp ridge

A

Mesiobuccal; distobuccal

86
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

Compare the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridge:

A

Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is longer

87
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

The mesiolingual cusp ridge is _____ than the distolingual cusp ridge

A

Shorter

88
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

The _____ cusp ridge is shorter than the ____ cusp ridge

A

Mesiolingual; distolingual

89
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

What triangular ridges are present?

A

Buccal and lingual

90
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

Compare the lingual triangular ridge to the buccal triangular ridge

A

Lingual triangular ridge is less prominent, and is angled and not straight

91
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

Prominent elevation, triangular in cross-section, which extend from the tip of a cusp towards the center portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth

A

Triangular ridge

92
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar,

What surface anatomy is present from an occlusal view? (3)

A
  1. Mesial and distal marginal ridges
  2. Central developmental groove
  3. Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
93
Q

From this occlusal view, label the anatomy of the maxillary first premolar: (A-C)

A

A- distal marginal ridge
B- central developmental groove
C- mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

94
Q

From this occlusal view, label 1-4 of the maxillary first premolar

A
  1. Distal
  2. Lingual
  3. Mesial
  4. Buccal
95
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

What supplemental grooves are present?

A

Mesiobuccal and distobuccal supplemental grooves

96
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

What pits are present?

A

Mesial and distal developmental pits

97
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

What triangular fossa are present?

A

Mesial and distal triangular fossa

98
Q

From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:

Label the anatomy of the tooth:

A

A: distobuccal supplemental groove
B: mesiobuccal supplemental groove
C: distal marginal ridge
D: mesial triangular fossa
E: distal triangular fossa
F: distal developmental pit
G: mesial developmental pit

99
Q

How many roots are present on the Maxillary first premolar? (50-60% of the time)

A

Two separate roots

100
Q

What are the roots present on the Maxillary first premolar 50-60% time?

A

Buccal and lingual

101
Q

On the maxillary first premolar, from the buccal: the root resembles to root of the:

A

Canine

102
Q

On the Maxillary first premolar, from a facial view, how many roots are visible?

A

1

103
Q

On a Maxillary first premolar, from a lingual view, how many roots are present?

A

One

104
Q

From a mesial view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are visible?

A

Two

105
Q

From a distal view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are present?

A

2

106
Q

What anatomical feature is obvious when looking at a cross-section of the maxillary first premolar?

A

Mesial developmental depression

107
Q

The root of the maxillary first premolar is broad ___ and narrow ____.

A

BL; MD

108
Q

The trunk of the root of the first maxillary premolar is:

A

1/2-2/3 the length of the root

109
Q

Label the sides of the root of the maxillary first premolar:

A

Up top: lingual
Bottom: buccal
Left: mesial
Right: distal

110
Q

What view might this image of the maxillary first premolar be from?

A

Facial or lingual

111
Q

Label what view this image of the maxillary first premolar may be from:

A

Mesial or distal

112
Q

On the maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see:

A

Two pulp horns and two pulp canals

113
Q

On a maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see that the ____ is larger of the two pulp horns as well as in the two pulp canals

A

Buccal

114
Q

On a maxillary first premolar, the MD section of the root resembles:

A

Canine

115
Q

On a maxillary first premolar, the transverse cross section displays what shape?

A

Kidney shape

116
Q

What is being highlighted in this image of the maxillary first premolar?

A

Buccal ridge

117
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?

A

Buccal view

118
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?

A
119
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?

A

Lingual

120
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?

A

Mesial

121
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?

A

Distal

122
Q

What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?

A

Occlusal

123
Q

On a maxillary first premolar, what is the defining characteristic on the mesial view?

A

Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove

124
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar resembles what tooth?

A

Maxillary 1st premolar

125
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar is _____ than the maxillary first premolar

A

Smaller

126
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar is _______ and ______ than the maxillary first premolar

A

More rounded and less angular

127
Q

How many roots are present in the maxillary 2nd premolar?

A

Single root

128
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar exhibits more ______ than the maxillary first premolar

A

More shape variations

129
Q

The maxillary 2nd premolar compared to the maxillary first premolar:
1. Is _____ than the 1st premolar
2. Is more _____ and less _____ than the first premolar
3. Has ____ roots, whereas the first maxillary premolar has ____ roots.
4. Exhibits more ______ than the maxillary first premolar

A

Smaller
Rounded; angular
Single
Shape variations

130
Q

Label the views of the maxillary second premolar:

A

Top left: buccal
Top right: lingual
Bottom left: mesial
Bottom right: distal
Middle: occlusal

131
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

Is similar to the:

A

Maxillary first premolar

132
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

Is similar to the maxillary 1st premolar but the ______ and ____ lines angles are ____ prominent

A

MB and DB; less

133
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

What cusp ridge is not as obvious when compared to the maxillary first premolar?

A

Buccal cusp ridge

134
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

The _____ are not as well developed in comparison to the maxillary first premolar

A

Buccal developmental depressions

135
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is _____ than the distobuccal cusp ridge.

A

Shorter

136
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

describe the Mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridges

A

Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter than the distobuccal cusp ridge

137
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:

When compared to the maxillary first premolar, the buccal cusp:

A

Is not as long

138
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a lingual view:

The lingual cusp is ____ than the lingual cusp for the first premolar

A

Longer

139
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a lingual view:

Since the lingual cusp is longer than the lingual cusp of the maxillary 1st premolar, and since the buccal cusp is shorter than in the maxillary 1st premolar, there will be ______ of the buccal profile from the lingual aspect

A

Less visibility

140
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:

The buccal and lingual cusps are ______, but ____ compared to the maxillary 1st premolar.

A

Approximately equal in size; shorter

141
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:

Describe the mesial contact:

A

Mesial 1/3 slightly offset to the buccal

142
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:

Describe the mesial marginal ridge developmental groove:

A

Not present

143
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:

Describe the mesial developmental depression:

A

Not present!!! Tittyy boi

144
Q

Describe two major differences distinguishing the maxillary first premolar from the maxillary second premolar:

A
  1. Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove present on maxillary 1st but not 2nd premolars
  2. Mesial developmental depression present on the maxillary 1st but not 2nd premolar
145
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:

Describe the root:

A

Single tapered root

146
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a distal view:

This view is similar to the ____ view

A

Mesial

147
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a distal view:

Describe the distal contact:

A

Middle 1/3 offset to the buccal

148
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:

What shape does the outline of this view take on?

A

Rounded or oval

149
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:

The MB and DB line angles are _____ compared to the maxillary 1st premolar

A

More rounded

150
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:

Compared to the maxillary 1st premolar, describe the lingual convergence:

A

Less lingual convergence in maxillary 2nd

151
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:

The central developmental groove is ____ compared to the maxillary first premolar

A

Shorter

152
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:

Because the central developmental groove is shorter in the maxillary second premolar than in the maxillary first premolar, the mesial and distal marginal ridges are:

A

Wider

153
Q

The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:

From this view, we see numerous _____, causing a _____ appearance.

A

Numerous supplemental groove- wrinkled appearance

154
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

Describe the root:

A

Single tapered root

155
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

What percent of people have two canals?

A

50%

156
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

Describe the maxillary 2nd premolar root length in comparison to the maxillary first premolar root

A

Root length is the same as the maxillary first premolar

157
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

Is broad _____, and narrow ____.

A

Broad BL, narrow MD

158
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

The root is ____ buccolingually, and ____ mesiodistally

A

Broad BL, Narrow MD

159
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

Describe the developmental depressions

A

None present

160
Q

Label these sections of the maxillary 2nd premolar root

A

MD section, FL section, Transverse section

161
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

In BL section, how many pulps horns are present?

A

Two pulp horns

162
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

The two pulp horns present in a BL section are the:

A

same height

163
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

In 50% of cases, how many pulp canals are present?

A

2

164
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

The MD section of the second maxillary premolar compared to the maxillary first premolar is:

A

The same

165
Q

The maxillary second premolar root:

Describe the transverse section of the root and pulp canal:

A

Oval shaped (both- due to lack of developmental depressions)

166
Q

For the maxillary 2nd premolar:

The heights of contour include:
1. Mesial:
2. Distal:
3. Buccal:
4: Lingual:

A
  1. Middle 1/3
  2. Middle 1/3
  3. Cervical 1/3
  4. Middle 1/3
167
Q

While the maxillary 1st and 2nd premolars have approximately the same dimensions, the _____ is larger overall.

A

Maxillary 1st premolar