Maxillary Premolars Flashcards
Notation for maxillary right 1st premolar:
5
Notation maxillary right 2nd premolar:
4
Notation for maxillary left 1st premolar:
12
Notation for maxillary left 2nd premolar:
13
Label the maxillary premolars
The maxillary premolars are considered to be what type of teeth?
Posterior
How many maxillary premolars are present in the maxillary arch?
4
What surface do posterior teeth have that anterior teeth do not?
Occlusal surface
The maxillary premolars are made of how many cusps?
2 cusps
What are the two cusps of the maxillary premolars?
Lingual cusp & buccal cusp
What cusp of the maxillary premolars is considered the functional cusp?
Lingual cusp
What cusp on the maxillary premolars is considered the non-functional cusp?
Buccal
We should not refer to the maxillary premolars as:
Biscuspids
Maxillary premolars are succedaneous teeth and replace the:
Deciduous molars
Label the cusps:
Blue: buccal (wider)
Green: lingual (narrower)
How many lobes do the maxillary premolars develop from?
4 lobes
Categorize the 4 lobes that the maxillary premolars develop from:
3 buccal lobes
1 lingual lobe
What are the names of the 3 buccal lobes of the maxillary premolars?
- Mesiobuccal (MB)
- Middle buccal (B)
- Distobucal (DB)
What does the one lingual lobe of the maxillary premolar develop into?
Lingual cusp
A demarcation between the buccal and lingual lobes of the maxillary premolar:
Central developmental groove
What is the red line displaying?
Central developmental groove
Label the following views of the maxillary 1st premolar:
- Buccal
- Mesial
- Distal
- Lingual
- Occlusal
First premolar: Buccal view
Resembles what tooth?
Canine
First premolar: Buccal view
The outline is:
Roughly trapezoidal
First premolar: Buccal view
The buccal cusp is comprised of what cusp arms?
Mesial cusp arm and distal cusp arm
First premolar: Buccal view
On the buccal cusp, which cusp arm is longer and straighter? Which cusp arm is shorter and more curved?
Mesial
Distal
First premolar: Buccal view
Describe the mesial cusp arm of the buccal cusp
Mesial cusp arm= longer & straighter than distal cusp arm
First premolar: Buccal view
Describe the distal cusp arm:
Distal cusp arm is shorter and more curved than the mesial cusp arm
First premolar: Buccal view
Buccal height of contour is in the:
Cervical 1/3 of crown
First premolar: Buccal view
Mesial contact is in the:
Middle 1/3
First premolar: Buccal view
What lays just below the mesial contact?
Mesial concavity
First premolar: Buccal view
A mesial concavity is located:
Just below the mesial contact
First premolar: Buccal view
The distal contact is located:
Middle 1/3
First premolar: Buccal view
Describe the differences between the mesial and distal contacts:
Both located in middle 1/3 but distal contact is broader and more cervical
First premolar: Buccal view
The distal aspect is generally more:
Convex
First premolar: Buccal view
The middle lobe has a ______ and associated ______
Prominent buccal ridge and associated developmental depressions
First premolar: Buccal view
What lobes are less developed?
Mesial and distal lobes
First premolar: Buccal view
The less developed mesial and distal lobes results in:
Mesial and distal line angles
First premolar: Lingual view
The crown tapers:
Lingually
First premolar: Lingual View
The lingual part is more _____ than the buccal
Narrow
First premolar: Lingual View
The lingual aspect of the crown can be described as:
Smoothly convex
First premolar: Lingual View
The lingual cusp is ____ and more ____ than the buccal cusp
1mm shorter and more pointed
First premolar: Lingual View
What is visible from this view?
Buccal cusp
What view does the following image show?
Lingual view
Label mesial and distal sides from this lingual view:
Left: mesial
Right: distal
First premolar: Lingual View
The lingual cusp is located:
Mesially
First premolar: Lingual View
Because the lingual cusp is located mesially, this means that which cusp arm is shorter?
Mesial cusp arm
First premolar: Lingual View
The mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is ____ than the distolingual cusp arm (DL)
Shorter
From lingual view of the maxillary first premolar - the mesiolingual cusp arm (ML) is shorter than the distolingual cusp arm. Why is this important?
Because this is opposite of the buccal cusp
Which is the lingual view and which is the buccal view on the maxillary 1st premolar?
A: Buccal
B: Lingual
Describe the cusp arm lengths in the lingual and buccal views of the maxillary first premolar:
Lingual view, the mesiolingual cusp arm is SHORTER than the distolingual cusp arm
Buccal view, the mesiolingual cusp arm is LONGER than the distolingual cusp arm
The first premolar: mesial view
What shape is the outline?
Trapezoidal
The first premolar: mesial view
How many cusps are visible from the mesial view?
2 visible cusps
The first premolar: mesial view
What to cusps are visible from the mesial view?
buccal and lingual
The first premolar: mesial view
Which cusp is taller (buccal or lingual)?
Buccal cusp
The first premolar: mesial view
The buccal height of contour is:
In cervical 1/3
The first premolar: mesial view
The lingual height of contour is:
In middle 1/3
The first premolar: mesial view
From a mesial view, the what depression can be seen?
Mesial developmental depression/concavity
The first premolar: mesial view
Why is it of significance that the the mesial developmental depression can be viewed from the mesial aspect?
Maxillary 2nd premolars do not have this!!!
What view are we seeing this first maxillary premolar from?
Mesial view
What is a defining trait of a maxillary first premolar?
Mesial developmental depression
The first premolar: mesial view
Describe the location of the mesial contact area:
Middle 1/3 and offset buccally
Name the orange and red anatomical features on the maxillary 1st premolar:
Orange: mesial contact
Red: mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
A- facial
B- lingual
The first premolar: mesial view
50-60 % have _____ roots; while ~50% have ____ roots.
2; 1
The first premolar: mesial view
Describe the root trunk:
Long root trunk (1/2-2/3 length of root)
The first maxillary premolar: mesial view
The root trunk extends from ____ to where ____ occurs.
CEJ; furcation
The first maxillary premolar: mesial view
The bifurcated portion of the root is typically about ____ of its length
1/3
The first maxillary premolar: distal view
List the differences of the distal view compared to the mesial view:
Absence of :
1. Mesial concavity
2. Mesial developmental depression
3. Marginal ridge developmental groove
The first maxillary premolar: distal view
when compared to the mesial aspect, the distal curvature of the cervical line is:
Less
The first maxillary premolar: distal view
The distal contact area is in the:
Middle 1/3
The first maxillary premolar: distal view
Describe the distal contact area:
In middle 1/3, offset bucally, broader contact, and located more cervical (when compared to mesial)
What view does the following image of the maxillary first premolar represent:
Distal view
The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view
What shape does the occlusal outline take on:
Hexagonal
The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view
____ dimension is greater than the ____ dimension
BL; MD
The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view
The crown is wider on the _____ than on the ____
Buccal than on the lingual
The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view
What cusps can be seen from this view?
Buccal and lingual cusp
The first maxillary premolar: occlusal view
From this view we can see that each cusp is composed of:
4 ridges
Label each side of this occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:
Top: Facial
Bottom: lingual
Right: mesial
Left: distal
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, what side is longer, the mesial or distal?
Mesial
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar, what aspect is longer? FL or MD?
FL
Label the following anatomy that can be seen from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:
A- Buccal Ridge
B- Mesial cusp arm
C- Cusp Tip
D- Lingual triangular ridge
E- Buccal triangular ridge
F- Distal cusp arm
Label facial, lingual, distal and mesial from the occlusal view of the maxillary first premolar:
A- Facial
B- Mesial
C- Lingual
D- Distal
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ______ than the distobuccal cusp ridge
Longer
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
The _____ cusp ridge is longer than the ____ cusp ridge
Mesiobuccal; distobuccal
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
Compare the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridge:
Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is longer
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
The mesiolingual cusp ridge is _____ than the distolingual cusp ridge
Shorter
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
The _____ cusp ridge is shorter than the ____ cusp ridge
Mesiolingual; distolingual
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
What triangular ridges are present?
Buccal and lingual
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
Compare the lingual triangular ridge to the buccal triangular ridge
Lingual triangular ridge is less prominent, and is angled and not straight
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
Prominent elevation, triangular in cross-section, which extend from the tip of a cusp towards the center portion of the occlusal surface of a tooth
Triangular ridge
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar,
What surface anatomy is present from an occlusal view? (3)
- Mesial and distal marginal ridges
- Central developmental groove
- Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
From this occlusal view, label the anatomy of the maxillary first premolar: (A-C)
A- distal marginal ridge
B- central developmental groove
C- mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
From this occlusal view, label 1-4 of the maxillary first premolar
- Distal
- Lingual
- Mesial
- Buccal
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
What supplemental grooves are present?
Mesiobuccal and distobuccal supplemental grooves
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
What pits are present?
Mesial and distal developmental pits
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
What triangular fossa are present?
Mesial and distal triangular fossa
From an occlusal view of a maxillary first premolar:
Label the anatomy of the tooth:
A: distobuccal supplemental groove
B: mesiobuccal supplemental groove
C: distal marginal ridge
D: mesial triangular fossa
E: distal triangular fossa
F: distal developmental pit
G: mesial developmental pit
How many roots are present on the Maxillary first premolar? (50-60% of the time)
Two separate roots
What are the roots present on the Maxillary first premolar 50-60% time?
Buccal and lingual
On the maxillary first premolar, from the buccal: the root resembles to root of the:
Canine
On the Maxillary first premolar, from a facial view, how many roots are visible?
1
On a Maxillary first premolar, from a lingual view, how many roots are present?
One
From a mesial view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are visible?
Two
From a distal view of a maxillary first premolar, how many roots are present?
2
What anatomical feature is obvious when looking at a cross-section of the maxillary first premolar?
Mesial developmental depression
The root of the maxillary first premolar is broad ___ and narrow ____.
BL; MD
The trunk of the root of the first maxillary premolar is:
1/2-2/3 the length of the root
Label the sides of the root of the maxillary first premolar:
Up top: lingual
Bottom: buccal
Left: mesial
Right: distal
What view might this image of the maxillary first premolar be from?
Facial or lingual
Label what view this image of the maxillary first premolar may be from:
Mesial or distal
On the maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see:
Two pulp horns and two pulp canals
On a maxillary first premolar from a BL section we can see that the ____ is larger of the two pulp horns as well as in the two pulp canals
Buccal
On a maxillary first premolar, the MD section of the root resembles:
Canine
On a maxillary first premolar, the transverse cross section displays what shape?
Kidney shape
What is being highlighted in this image of the maxillary first premolar?
Buccal ridge
What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?
Buccal view
What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?
What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?
Lingual
What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?
Mesial
What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?
Distal
What view of the maxillary first premolar is this?
Occlusal
On a maxillary first premolar, what is the defining characteristic on the mesial view?
Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove
The maxillary 2nd premolar resembles what tooth?
Maxillary 1st premolar
The maxillary 2nd premolar is _____ than the maxillary first premolar
Smaller
The maxillary 2nd premolar is _______ and ______ than the maxillary first premolar
More rounded and less angular
How many roots are present in the maxillary 2nd premolar?
Single root
The maxillary 2nd premolar exhibits more ______ than the maxillary first premolar
More shape variations
The maxillary 2nd premolar compared to the maxillary first premolar:
1. Is _____ than the 1st premolar
2. Is more _____ and less _____ than the first premolar
3. Has ____ roots, whereas the first maxillary premolar has ____ roots.
4. Exhibits more ______ than the maxillary first premolar
Smaller
Rounded; angular
Single
Shape variations
Label the views of the maxillary second premolar:
Top left: buccal
Top right: lingual
Bottom left: mesial
Bottom right: distal
Middle: occlusal
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
Is similar to the:
Maxillary first premolar
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
Is similar to the maxillary 1st premolar but the ______ and ____ lines angles are ____ prominent
MB and DB; less
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
What cusp ridge is not as obvious when compared to the maxillary first premolar?
Buccal cusp ridge
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
The _____ are not as well developed in comparison to the maxillary first premolar
Buccal developmental depressions
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
The mesiobuccal cusp ridge is _____ than the distobuccal cusp ridge.
Shorter
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
describe the Mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp ridges
Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter than the distobuccal cusp ridge
The maxillary second premolar from a buccal view:
When compared to the maxillary first premolar, the buccal cusp:
Is not as long
The maxillary second premolar from a lingual view:
The lingual cusp is ____ than the lingual cusp for the first premolar
Longer
The maxillary second premolar from a lingual view:
Since the lingual cusp is longer than the lingual cusp of the maxillary 1st premolar, and since the buccal cusp is shorter than in the maxillary 1st premolar, there will be ______ of the buccal profile from the lingual aspect
Less visibility
The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:
The buccal and lingual cusps are ______, but ____ compared to the maxillary 1st premolar.
Approximately equal in size; shorter
The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:
Describe the mesial contact:
Mesial 1/3 slightly offset to the buccal
The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:
Describe the mesial marginal ridge developmental groove:
Not present
The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:
Describe the mesial developmental depression:
Not present!!! Tittyy boi
Describe two major differences distinguishing the maxillary first premolar from the maxillary second premolar:
- Mesial marginal ridge developmental groove present on maxillary 1st but not 2nd premolars
- Mesial developmental depression present on the maxillary 1st but not 2nd premolar
The maxillary second premolar from a mesial view:
Describe the root:
Single tapered root
The maxillary second premolar from a distal view:
This view is similar to the ____ view
Mesial
The maxillary second premolar from a distal view:
Describe the distal contact:
Middle 1/3 offset to the buccal
The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:
What shape does the outline of this view take on?
Rounded or oval
The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:
The MB and DB line angles are _____ compared to the maxillary 1st premolar
More rounded
The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:
Compared to the maxillary 1st premolar, describe the lingual convergence:
Less lingual convergence in maxillary 2nd
The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:
The central developmental groove is ____ compared to the maxillary first premolar
Shorter
The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:
Because the central developmental groove is shorter in the maxillary second premolar than in the maxillary first premolar, the mesial and distal marginal ridges are:
Wider
The maxillary second premolar from a occlusal view:
From this view, we see numerous _____, causing a _____ appearance.
Numerous supplemental groove- wrinkled appearance
The maxillary second premolar root:
Describe the root:
Single tapered root
The maxillary second premolar root:
What percent of people have two canals?
50%
The maxillary second premolar root:
Describe the maxillary 2nd premolar root length in comparison to the maxillary first premolar root
Root length is the same as the maxillary first premolar
The maxillary second premolar root:
Is broad _____, and narrow ____.
Broad BL, narrow MD
The maxillary second premolar root:
The root is ____ buccolingually, and ____ mesiodistally
Broad BL, Narrow MD
The maxillary second premolar root:
Describe the developmental depressions
None present
Label these sections of the maxillary 2nd premolar root
MD section, FL section, Transverse section
The maxillary second premolar root:
In BL section, how many pulps horns are present?
Two pulp horns
The maxillary second premolar root:
The two pulp horns present in a BL section are the:
same height
The maxillary second premolar root:
In 50% of cases, how many pulp canals are present?
2
The maxillary second premolar root:
The MD section of the second maxillary premolar compared to the maxillary first premolar is:
The same
The maxillary second premolar root:
Describe the transverse section of the root and pulp canal:
Oval shaped (both- due to lack of developmental depressions)
For the maxillary 2nd premolar:
The heights of contour include:
1. Mesial:
2. Distal:
3. Buccal:
4: Lingual:
- Middle 1/3
- Middle 1/3
- Cervical 1/3
- Middle 1/3
While the maxillary 1st and 2nd premolars have approximately the same dimensions, the _____ is larger overall.
Maxillary 1st premolar
