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Dental Morphology > Mandibular Premolars > Flashcards

Mandibular Premolars Flashcards

1
Q

How many Mandibular premolars are located in the mandible?

A

4

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2
Q

Mandibular premolars are succedaneous teeth and replace the:

A

Primary molars

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3
Q

Mandibular first premolar develops from _____ lobes.

A

4

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4
Q

Name the 4 lobes that the mandibular first premolar develops from:

A

3 facial, 1 lingual

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5
Q

The Mandibular second premo9lar develops from _____ lobes

A

4 or 5

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6
Q

Describe the 4 or 5 lobes that the mandibular second premolar develops from:

A

3 facial and 1-2 lingual

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7
Q

Name the views of the mandibular premolar

A

Top left: buccal
Top right: lingual
Bottom left: mesial
Bottom right: distal
Middle: occlusal

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8
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

What is the geometric shape of this tooth?

A

Trapezoidal

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9
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Describe the buccal lobe:

A

Well developed, with a prominent buccal ridge

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10
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

The buccal cusp resembles the ______ but the cusp is ______.

A

Mandibular canine but the cusp tip is more rounded

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11
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Label the red region:

A

Buccal ridge

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12
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

The mesial slope of the buccal cusp is ____ than the distal slope of the buccal cusp

A

Shorter

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13
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Why is it significant that from this view, the mesial cusp arm is shorter than the distal?

A

This is the opposite of the maxillary 1st premolar

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14
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Label the mesial and distal cusp arms/slopes

A

Left: distal
Right: mesial

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15
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Describe the mesial and distal outlines:

A

Slightly concave

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16
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Where are the mesial and distal heights of contour?

A

Middle 1/3

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17
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

The cervical is much narrower ______ than the crown width at the _____

A

Mesiodistally; contact areas

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18
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Describe the cervical line

A

Exhibits little curvature

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19
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

The buccal surface is ___ especially at the ____ & ____

A

Convex; cervical and middle 1/3

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20
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

Compare the root of the first mandibular premolar to that of the canine:

A

3-4 mm shorter

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21
Q

First mandibular premolar: buccal view

The root curves:

A

Distally

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22
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The crown and root taper markedly _____.

A

Toward the lingual

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23
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

Describe the lingual cusp

A

Small

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24
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The lingual cusp may resemble the:

A

Cingulum of a canine

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25
Q

From this occlusal view, mark what is facial and what is lingual:

A

Top of image: facial
Bottom of image: lingual

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26
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The occlusal surface slopes ____ in a ___ direction.

This can be visible from a ____ view.

A

Lingually; cervical

Lingual

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27
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The lingual cusp can be described as:

A

Smoothly convex in all directions

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28
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The mesial and distal outlines are ___ from the ____ to the _____.

A

Concave; cervical margin to the contact areas

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29
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

What is a prominent anatomical feature from this view?

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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30
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

What demarcates the lingual love from the mesiobuccal lobe?

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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31
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The mesiolingual developmental groove demarcates the ___ from the _____ .

A

Lingual lobe from the mesiobuccal lobe

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32
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

Anatomical feature responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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33
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The mesiolingual developmental groove groove separates the ____ from the ____

A

Mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp

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34
Q

Label the anatomical features:

A

A: mesial marginal ridge
B: Mesiolingual developmental groove
C: Lingual cusp

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35
Q

Label the following anatomical features of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A: mesial marginal ridge
B: mesiolingual developmental groove
C: Lingual cusp

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36
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The root tapers:

A

Lingually

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37
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

What aspects of the root are visible?

A

Lingual, mesial and distal aspects

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38
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

The root tapers to a:

A

Pointed apex

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39
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

What is located mesially on the root?

A

Developmental depressions/grooves

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40
Q

First mandibular premolar: lingual view

What anatomical features can be seen on the root and where?

A

Mesial developmental depressions/grooves

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41
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

Geometrical shape of the outline?

A

Rhomboidal

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42
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The buccal outline is very:

A

Curved/convex

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43
Q

What view is this image of the mandibular 1st premolar from?

A

Mesial view

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44
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The buccal cusp tip is:

A

Centered over the midline of the root

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45
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The buccal height of contour is at the:

A

Junction of middle and cervical 1/3

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46
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

Compared to the buccal view, the lingual view:

A

Less convex in outline

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47
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

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48
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour is ____ to the ____.

A

Lingual to the outline of the root

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49
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The lingual height of contour can be described as: (in reference to root trunk)

A

Overhanging the root trunk

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50
Q

Label this image of the mesial view of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A: buccal contact
B: lingual contact
C: mesiolingual developmental groove

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51
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The lingual cusp tip is on a line with the:

A

Lingual border of the root

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52
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The distance from CEJ to lingual cusp tip is ____ distance from CEJ to buccal cusp tip

A

2/3

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53
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

Distance from ____ to _____ cusp tip is 2/3 distance from ____ to ____ cusp tip

A

CEJ to lingual cusp tip

CEJ to buccal cusp tip

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54
Q

The height of A is _____ the height of B.

A

2/3

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55
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

______ slopes cervically from buccal to lingual

A

Mesial marginal ridge

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56
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The mesial marginal ridge slopes _____ from ____ to _____.

A

Cervically; buccal to lingual

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57
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

_____ separates mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

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58
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the _____ from the ____

A

Mesiobuccal lobe from the lingual lobe

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59
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

From this view, the cervical line curves _____ about 1mm

A

Occlusally

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60
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The mesial surface is ____ except for the _____.

A

Smoothly convex; mesiolingual developmental groove

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61
Q

What view is this?

Label the anatomy from this view:

A

Mesial view

A: mesiolingual developmental groove
B: occlusal surface
C: mesial marginal ridge
D: CEJ

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62
Q

First mandibular premolar: mesial view

The root outline is tapered to a ____ from this view:

A

Pointed apex

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63
Q

On the mesial side of the mandibular 1st premolar: what is present on the root?

A

Deep developmental depression-groove on mesial surface

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64
Q

On the mandibular first premolar: Interesting fact: The _____ marginal ridge is higher above the _____ than the ____ marginal ridge

A

Distal ; CEJ; Mesial

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65
Q

On the mandibular 1st premolar: The distal marginal ridge is higher above the CEJ than teh mesial marginal ridge. This is significant because:

A

Only tooth in which the mesial marginal ride is at a lower level than the distal marginal ridge

66
Q

Describe the differences between the mesial and distal marginal ridges of the mandibular first premolar:

A

Mesial marginal ridge is @ a lower level than the distal marginal ridge

67
Q

Label the view and anatomical features of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

Left: mesial view
Right: distal view

A: mesial marginal ridge
B: mesiolingual developmental groove
C: CEJ
D: distal marginal ridge
E: CEJ

68
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

The ____ is almost at right angles to the long axis of the tooth

A

Distal marginal ridge

69
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

The distal marginal ridge is located where relative to the long axis of the tooth?

A

Almost at a right angle

70
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

From a distal view the tooth appears:

A

Smoothly convex

71
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

What may be present above the cervix extending buccolingually?

A

A concavity

72
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

A concavity may be present ____ and extending ____.

A

Above the cervix and extends buccolingually

73
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

Compared to the mesial contact area, the distal contac area is:

A

Broader

74
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

The distal height of contour is in the:

A

Middle 1/3

75
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

Compared to the mesial cervical curvature, the distal cervical is:

A

Less

76
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

From this view, the root is more ____ than the mesial and less ____.

A

Convex; grooved

77
Q

First mandibular premolar: distal view

From view we can see ____ but no _____

A

A shallow developmental depression but no deep groove

78
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The occlusal view is geometrically _____ in outline.

A

Diamond

79
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

What two features are pronounced?

A

Buccal cusp and buccal ridge

80
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

From this view, describe the lingual cusp:

A

Small

81
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

THe mesiobuccal cusp ridge is ____ than the distobuccal cusp ridge

A

Shorter

82
Q

From an occlusal view of the mandibular 1st premolar: describe the differences between the mesiobuccal cusp ridge and the distobuccal cusp ridge

A

Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter

83
Q

Label the following anatomical features from the occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar:

A

A: mesial cusp ridge
B: buccal ridge
C: distal cusp ridge
D: small lingual cusp

84
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The crown is usually wider ____ than ____

A

Bucallly than lingually

85
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Mesial and distal marginal ridges are:

A

Well developed

86
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The mesial and distal marginal ridges converge ____ to a ____

A

Lingually to a small lingual cusp

87
Q

What anatomical features can be seen from the occlusal view of the mandibular first premolar?

A

A: mesial marginal ridge
B: lingual cusp
C: distal marginal ridge
D: mesiobuccal cusp ridge
E: buccal ridge
F: distobuccal cusp ridge

88
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The mesial and distal marginal ridges converge:

A

Lingually

89
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Describe the MB and DB line angles:

A

Prominent yet quite rounded

90
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

What line angles are prominent yet rounded?

A

Mesiobuccal and distobuccal line angles

91
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Describe the mesial and distal contacts

A

Centered buccolingually

92
Q

The red lines on this image of a mandibular 1st premolar are depicting:

A

Mesiobuccal and distobuccal line angles

93
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The buccal and lingual triangular ridges are joined together to form a single ridge called:

A

Transverse ridge

94
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

What ridges join together to form the transverse ridge?

A

Buccal and lingual triangular ridges

95
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The transverse ridge is made of how many ridges?

A

2 ridges joining forming a SINGLE ridge

96
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Compare the buccal and lingual triangular ridges:

A

Buccal triangular ridge is larger than the lingual triangular ridge

97
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The buccal and lingual cusps may be separated by a ____ as they are in the maxillary premolars

A

Central groove

98
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Label the following anatomy from an occlusal view of a mandibular 1st premolar:

A

A: mesiobuccal line angle
B: buccal triangular ridge
C: distobuccal line angle
D: lingual triangular ridge
E: distal pit
F: mesial marginal ridge
G: mesial pit
H: distal contact
I: mesial contact
J: transverse ridge

99
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The transverse ridge separates the ____ from the ___

A

Mesial occlusal fossa from the distal occlusal fossa

100
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

What is responsible for separating the mesial occlusal and distal occlusal fossa?

A

Transverse ridge

101
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Compare the mesial occlusal and the distal occlusal fossa

A

Distal occlusal fossa is larger

102
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Responsible for separating the mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp:

A

The mesiolingual developmental groove

103
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

The mesiolingual developmental groove separates the:

A

Mesial marginal ridge from the lingual cusp

104
Q

First mandibular premolar: occlusal view

Label the anatomical features designated:

A

A: triangular (occlusal) fossa
B: mesiolingual developmental groove
C: Pit

105
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

How many roots present?

A

One

106
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

Describe the shape of the root

A

Rounded

107
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

What direction does the root curve?

A

distally

108
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

What occurs on the mesial and distal surfaces of the root?

A

Developmental grooves

109
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

In what direction are the grooves of the root?

A

Longitudinally

110
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

Compare the mesial and distal developmental grooves on the root:

A

Mesial is more prominent

111
Q

First mandibular premolar: root

How often is the root bifurcated?

A

Rarely

112
Q

Label the sections of the root of the mandibular first premolar:

A

Left to right:
MD section
FL section
Transverse section

113
Q

Describe the shape you would see in a transverse section of the root of mandibular 1st premolar:

A

Round/ovoid

114
Q

List views of the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

Top left: buccal
Top right: lingual
Bottom left: mesial
Bottom right: distal
Middle: occlusal

115
Q

How many types of mandibular 2nd premolars are there:

A

2 types

116
Q

What are the two forms of mandibular second premolars?

A

3 cusp type; 2 cusp type

117
Q

The 3 cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar develops from ____ lobes

A

5

118
Q

The 2 cusp version of the mandibular 2nd premolar develops from ____ lobes

A

4 lobes

119
Q

The two versions of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ primarily in ____ form.

A

Occlusal

120
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view

From this view, the tooth resembles:

A

Mandibular 1st premolar

121
Q

2nd mandibular premolar: buccal view

From this view the tooth resembles the mandibular 1st premolar, however the buccal cusp is:

A

Shorter and less pointed

122
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view

Label the teeth in the image:

A

Left: mandibular 2nd premolar
Right: mandibular 1st premolar

123
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view

The mesial and distal contact areas can be described as:

A

Broad

124
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view

The mesial and distal contact areas appear higher on the crown due to:

A

Smaller buccal cusp

125
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view

What makes the buccal cusp “smaller” when compared to the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

Smaller middle third

126
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: buccal view

Compared to the mandibular 1st premolar, the root of the mandibular 2nd premolar is _____ MD and the root apex is _____.

A

Broader mesiodistally; more blunt

127
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

How does the lingual view of the mandibular 2nd premolar differ from that of the mandibular 1st premolar? (4)

A
  1. Lingual lobes are better developed
  2. Less occlusal surface is visible
  3. For the three cusp type: lingual groove
  4. Root wide MD
128
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

The lingual lobes are ______ compared to the mandibular first premolar

A

Better developed

129
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

Describe the view of the occlusal surface compared to the mandibular 1st premolar:

A

Less occlusal surface is visible

130
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

With the three cusp type: the two _____ cusps are separated by a _____.

A

Lingual cusps; lingual groove

131
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

When is a lingual groove present?

A

When its the 3 cusp type

132
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

The lingual groove of the 3 cusp type separates what?

A

Mesiolingual and distolingual cusps

133
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

The root is wide _____ but not as wide from the ____ aspect in comparison to the mandibular 1st premolar

A

mesiodistally; buccal aspect

134
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: lingual view

Label the anatomy of the mandibular 2nd premolar from the lingual view. What type of mandibular 2nd premolar is this?

A

3 cusp type

A: mesiolingual cusp
B: lingual groove
C: distolingual cusp

135
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The crown and root are ____.

A

Wider buccolingually

136
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The buccal cusp tip is:

A

Not as lingually placed

137
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The buccal cusp is ____.

A

Shorter

138
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The lingual and buccal cusps are:

A

More equal in size

139
Q

From the mesial view, label the tooth type in each image:

A

Left: mandibular 2nd premolar
Right: mandibular 1st premolar

140
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

Mesial marginal ridge is at ____ to the long axis of the tooth

A

Right angles

141
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

No _____ is present from the mesial view

A

Mesiolingual developmental groove

142
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: mesial view

The mandibular 2nd premolar differs from the mandibular 1st premolar by:

The root is _____ and the apex is _____.

A

Longer and the apex is more blunt

143
Q

Mandibular 2nd premolar: distal view:

Similar to the mesial view but the ______ is at a lower level, thus more of the _____ is visible from this view.

A

Distal marginal ridge; occlusal surface

144
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

The 3 cusp type is ____ in shape:

A

Square

145
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 3 cusp type, what cusps are present?

A

2 lingual and 1 buccal

146
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 3 cusp type, what are the specific names of the cusps:

A

Buccal, mesiolingual, and distolingual

147
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

What is the largest cusp from this view? What is in the middle? What is the smallest?

A

Bucca> mesiolingual > distolingual

148
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

label the cusps of the mandibular 2nd premolar from this view:

A

1: buccal cusp
2. Mesiolingual cusp
3. Distolingual cusp

149
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 3 cusp type, developmental grooves separate the cusps forming a _____ shape on the ____ surface.

A

Y-shape
Occlusal surface

150
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 3 cusp type, what developmental grooves separate the cusps and what shape do these grooves make?

A

Y shape; mesial, distal, and lingual developmental grooves

151
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 3 cusp type, what anatomical feature is present in the middle portion of the occlusal surface?

A

Central pit

152
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 3 cusp type, what fossa are present?

A

Mesial triangular fossa and distal triangular fossa

153
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

3 cusp type: label the anatomy present

A

A: mesial developmental groove
B: mesial triangular fossa
C: lingual developmental groove
D: central pit
E: distal develipmental groove
F: distal triangular fossa

154
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

2 cusp type: What shapes do the developmental grooves make up?

A

H or U

155
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 2 cusp type, the outline is said to be:

A

Rounded

156
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 2 cusp type: We see a _____ of the mesial and distal marginal ridges

A

Lingual convergence

157
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 2 cusp type: label which is type each tooth is representing

A

Left: H-type
Right: U-type

158
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

If we noted that the mandibular premolar has a Y made of developmental grooves, how many cusps are present? If it makes an H how many cusps are present? If it makes a U how many cusps are present?

A

3; 2;2

159
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

2 cusp type: describe the lingual cusp

A

Well developed

160
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

2 cusp type: there is a ____ developmental groove and ___ & ____ fossae

A

Central developmental groove; mesial and distal fossae

161
Q

Mandibular second premolar: occlusal view

In the 2 cusp type, what may or may not be present?

A

Mesial and distal pits

Dental Morphology (11 decks)

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