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Religious Studies > Matters of Life [May Exam] > Flashcards

Matters of Life [May Exam] Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a human-animal hybrid?

A

Using human DNA and animal eggs.

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2
Q

What is human experimentation?

A

Testing products, usually medicines, on volunteers.

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3
Q

What is reproductive cloning?

A

The identical copy of an organism, plant, animal, or human.

The cell is separated at an early stage, grown separately to create an identical organism.

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4
Q

What is reproductive cloning used for in plants?

A

It is used commonly in plants to develop crops.

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5
Q

What is reproductive cloning used for animals?

A

Has been used in animals - Dolly the Sheep

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6
Q

What is therapeutic cloning/stem cell cloning?

A

Cell is taken and cloned to make an embryo.

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7
Q

What does the law say about cloning?

A

Illegal.

Any medical research centre involved in cloning is heavily monitored.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 ensures illegal acts can’t take place.

Embryos must be destroyed within 14 days.

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8
Q

What are some arguments for cloning?

A

Helps with research which could help sick or infertile people.

People have the right to choose if they support - free will.

Way of showing compassion as it may improve someone’s quality of life.

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9
Q

What are some arguments against cloning?

A

Boundaries can be crossed and scientists may create unethical things.

A reproductive clone does not have a position in the family.

Against the way that we were created by God.

Some religions may deny clones a soul.

Disposal of embryos - some class these as the start of life.

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10
Q

What is a human-animal hybrid?

A

Process of using human DNA and animal eggs to create an organism.

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11
Q

What is human experimentation?

A

When products have passed animal testing they are tested on humans. (Volunteered, paid)

Some experiments may lead to side effects.

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12
Q

What is embryology?

A

The study of human embryos

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13
Q

What is a designer baby?

A

Babies with characteristics chosen by their parents, which is currently illegal.

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14
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A cell initially taken from a 4-5 day old embryo, whose role in the body is not yet determined

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15
Q

What is a saviour sibling?

A

A child born to be genetically compatible with a sick brother or sister in order to treat them

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16
Q

What are some arguments for saviour siblings?

A

It is okay if:
The method enables prevention of disease
The method ensures someone has a good quality of life

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17
Q

What are some arguments against saviour siblings?

A

Life begins at conception so to intervene with an embryo at this stage is wrong

Saviour siblings are like creating Frankenstein, nothing good comes from it

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18
Q

What are some Christian arguments against saviour siblings?

A

Devalues life as humans are interfering with life.

Sanctity of life - taking role of the creator

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19
Q

What are some Christian arguments for saviour siblings?

A

Improves quality of life

Love thy neighbour

Golden rule

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20
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments for saviour siblings?

A

Right intention

Good karma

Metta & Karuna

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21
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments against saviour siblings?

A

1st precept

Not showing compassion to saviour sibling

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22
Q

What are some Christian arguments for IVF?

A

It is okay as long as it is the wife’s egg and husbands sperm

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23
Q

What are some Christian arguments against IVF?

A

Interferes with gods plan

Destruction of embryos is wrong

24
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments for IVF?

A

Doesn’t contradict the 5 precepts

Alleviates a fork of human suffering

25
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments against IVF?

A

Destroying of embryos is wrong

Life begins at conception

Couple should consider adoption

26
Q

What is surrogacy?

A

Where another woman is used to carry a child to be handed over to the parents when the baby is born.

27
Q

What are some Christian arguments for surrogacy?

A

Allows couples to have the joy of children

28
Q

What are some Christian arguments against surrogacy?

A

Involves “spilling of the seed”

Disrupts the child lineage

29
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments for surrogacy?

A

Offers opportunity for surrogate mother to gain good karma

Surrogate mother can show Metta and Karuna

30
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments against surrogacy?

A

It is very expensive so the money can be better spent elsewhere

It isn’t a religious duty to have children

31
Q

What is artificial insemination by husband?

A

Sperm is produced by masturbation from the husband.

This is inserted into the vagina in the hope that fertilisation takes place.

32
Q

What are some arguments for Artificial insemination by husband?

A

It stays within the marriage.

The child has a genetic link to its parents.

33
Q

What are some arguments against Artificial insemination by husband?

A

Risk of multiple pregnancies.

Low success rate

Costs money

34
Q

What are some Christian arguments for Artificial insemination by husband?

A

Still within the marriage (adultery commandment)

Could be considered as a gift as it uses God’s natural humans as opposed to artificial embryos.

Has a genetic link to the parents.

35
Q

What are some Christian arguments against Artificial insemination by husband?

A

Roman Catholics disagree as the male has to masturbate to create the child. (Spilling the seed)

Only God can give life.

36
Q

What are some arguments for IVF?

A

Infertile couples can have children.

The child will have genetic tied to their parents.

The first cycle is free.

37
Q

What are some arguments against IVF?

A

Low success rate.

It costs money.

There may be multiple pregnancies.

38
Q

What are some Buddhists arguments for Artificial insemination by husband?

A

Stops suffering.

Right action/intention

It stops craving for a child.

Good karma

39
Q

What is artificial insemination by donor?

A

Sperm is donated to a sperm bank by a male volunteer. The woman has the screened sperm inserted into the vagina.

40
Q

What are some arguments for Artificial insemination by donor?

A

This method allows single parents and gay couples to have children.

It allows for the donor to have some monetary gain.

The sperm will be screened for medical issues like HIV beforehand.

41
Q

What are some arguments against Artificial insemination by donor?

A

The child may be upset if they find out that their father isn’t their genetic father.

The identity of the donor is not known by the woman.

The child may want to find out who their genetic father is.

It costs money.

Low success rate.

42
Q

What are some Christian arguments for Artificial insemination by donor?

A

Love thy neighbour

Golden rule

43
Q

What are some Christian arguments against Artificial insemination by donor?

A

It may be seen as adultery (breaking the commandment).

The child will not have a genetic link to the parents,

It involves masturbation and spilling the seed.

44
Q

What are some Buddhist arguments for Artificial insemination by donor?

A

Good karma

Right intention/action

Metta

Karuna

45
Q

What is cloning?

A

A scientific method where animals or plants can be created which have exactly the same genetic makeup as the original because the DNA of the original is used.

46
Q

What is absolute morality?

A

What is morally right or wrong applies to all circumstances at all times

47
Q

What is relative morality?

A

What is morally right or wrong depends on certain circumstances

48
Q

What is the value of life?

A

The value of a person over and above physical value

49
Q

What is fertility treatment?

A

Medical procedure to assist an infertile couple to have a child

50
Q

What is in vitro fertilisation?

A

Where an egg is fertilised outside of the womb in a lab

51
Q

What is a test tube baby?

A

Term used for a baby created outside of the woman’s body

52
Q

What is transplant surgery?

A

When someone else’s organs are put into a patient

53
Q

What is blood transfusion?

A

When a patient is given extra blood as a part of an operation

54
Q

Why do Buddhists agree with the idea of being a donor?

A

Because they believe it is the lesser of two evils

Right intention/action

Good karma

Metta

55
Q

What is human genetic engineering?

A

The modification of genetic makeup to change features of a human

56
Q

What is morality?

A

Personal decisions about what is right and wrong behaviour, and following these decisions.

57
Q

What law is there against cloning?

A

The Human fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008

Religious Studies (5 decks)

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