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Religious Studies Paper 1 > Matters of Life and Death > Flashcards

Matters of Life and Death Flashcards

1
Q

What are Christians beliefs in life after death?

A

All Christians believe in life after death. All agree that Jesus died and rose from the dead and so there will be an afterlife for those who believe in him.

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2
Q

Why do Christians have these views on life after death? (3)

A
  • Resurrection of Jesus
  • Teachings of the Bible suggest there is an afterlife
  • The Christian Creed suggests there is an afterlife
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3
Q

What does some Christians believe happens after Death?

A

Immortality of the soul, the idea that the body will stay in the ground whilst the soul will go to God for judgement. It will either end up in heaven or hell

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4
Q

Why do some Christians believe in the immortality of the soul? (3)

A
  • Jesus told a thief on the cross he would be in heaven that day
  • The Church teaches that there can be communication between the living and the dead
  • Evidence of ghosts and mediums contacting spirits
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5
Q

What do other Christians believe happens after Death?

A

Resurrection. After death the body and soul stay in the grave until the end of the world. At this time they will be judged by God and sent to either heaven or hell

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6
Q

Why do other Christians believe in resurrection? (3)

A
  • Jesus’s body was raised from the dead
  • The Christian creed refers to resurrection
  • St Paul teaches this belief
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7
Q

What are Muslim beliefs in life after death? (4)

A
  • Believe after death the angel of death will take the soul to barzakh (stage between death and judgement)
  • Body will then be resurrected on the Day of Judgement so they can be judged and either sent to Al’Jannah (heaven) or Jahannam (hell)
  • Judged on how well they have followed the teachings of the Qur’an and the Shari’ah law
  • Believe everything they do is observed by Allah and will be recorded until Judgement day
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8
Q

What are the effects of belief in life after death on a religious believer’s life? (5)

A
  • Affects how they live and treat others as believe they will be judged
  • Gives them a sense of hope that there is something after this life
  • Offers comfort to those who have lost a loved one
  • Promise of heaven can help make up for suffering in this life
  • Bury the body rather than cremate it because they believe the body is needed in the next life
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9
Q

What are non-religious beliefs in life after death?

A

Many people who are not religious still believe in life after death.

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10
Q

Why do non religious people hold these beliefs in life after death? (4)

A
  • Afterlife gives us comfort
  • Sometimes we fell our deceased loved ones are still with us
  • Earthly life is so unfair, an afterlife will make everything right
  • Some people have claimed to experience life after death through paranormal experiences
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11
Q

What are examples of paranormal experiences? (4)

A
  • Near-death experiences
  • Ghosts
  • Reincarnation
  • Contacting the dead (mediums/séances)
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12
Q

What are the reasons why people do not believe in life after death? (6)

A
  • No evidence for life after death
  • Religion offers no good reason to believe in life after death. Heaven and Hell are just used by religions to scare people into behaving
  • Paranormal experiences are often faked
  • In the age of science we should not believe in things that are not scientific
  • Science suggests that after death the body decays, so how can there be an afterlife?
  • Life after death is simply impossible
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13
Q

What are the UK abortion laws up to 24 weeks? (3)

A

Allowed if:

  • Pregnancy poses a health risk (mental or physical) to the mother
  • If the health of any existing children would suffer as a result of a new baby
  • If the baby to be born will be severely disabled
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14
Q

What are the UK abortion laws after 24 weeks? (3)

A

Allowed if:

  • The mother’s life is at risk
  • If the baby is severely deformed
  • If there is a serious risk of physical or mental injury to the mother
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15
Q

Arguments for abortion (4)

A
  • Sometimes it’s better to abort the baby if it is going to be deformed or disabled
  • Should be allowed if the mother’s life is at risk
  • If pregnancy was a result of rape it may be kinder to haven an abortion
  • Sometimes the woman is not able to take care of the child properly (they may be mentally ill, very poor, too young)
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16
Q

Arguments against abortion (3)

A
  • Just because a child is disabled doesn’t mean they shouldn’t have a chance of life
  • People can adopt unwanted babies if the mother doesn’t want the child
  • An embryo/foetus should have the same rights as any other human being
17
Q

What are Conservative Christians attitudes to abortion? (5)

A
  • Not support abortion because of the sanctity of life principle
  • Abortion is murder which is forbidden in the Bible
  • Foetus is created in God’s image. Should respect all of God’s creation
  • Should not interfere with God’s plan
  • Some foetuses are aborted because they are not ‘perfect’. Every life is created and valued by God, we don’t have the right to make this decision
18
Q

What are Conservative Christians attitudes to abortion?

A
  • They will not support abortion because of the sanctity of life principle. Life is a sacred gift from God and only God has the right to end life
  • Abortion is murder which is forbidden in the Bible
  • The foetus is created in God’s image. We should respect all of God’s creation
  • We should not interfere with God’s plan
  • Some foetuses are aborted because they are not ‘perfect’. Every life is created and valued by God, we don’t have the right to make this decision
19
Q

What are other Christians attitudes to abortion?

A
  • Sometimes abortion may be allowed because it may be better choice or most loving thing to do (rape, mother’s life at risk)
  • Jesus acted with love and compassion. Having one strict rule on abortion may be unloving to both mister and child
  • We cannot be sure life begins at conception
  • Medical technology mean that deformed foetuses can be identified early to avoid traumatic abortions
  • God gave us the knowledge to carry out abortions, this may be part of his plan
20
Q

Christian teachings that apply to abortion

A
  • “So God created man in his own image”
  • “Your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit…therefore honour God with your body”
  • “You shall not commit murder”
  • “Love your neighbour as you love yourself”
21
Q

What are most Muslim beliefs to abortion?

A
  • Abortion is wrong because it is taking away life and life is sacred and a gift from God
  • Life begins when the soul has entered the foetus (ensoulment) which takes place at 120 days
  • Abortion can be allowed if the mother’s life is in danger because the mother is an already existing life who has friends and is part of a family so she is more important
  • Abortion is never permitted when the parents are afraid that they cannot care for it if it was a result of adultery
22
Q

What are other Muslim beliefs to abortion?

A
  • It is ok to have an abortion if the foetus will be severely deformed
  • Some say that abortion is allowed if the mother has been raped
23
Q

Muslim teachings that apply to abortion

A
  • “Whoever has killed a soul, it is as though he has murdered all of mankind”
  • “Kill not your offspring for fear of poverty…killing them is a great sin”
24
Q

Arguments for euthanasia

A
  • It allows a patient to die a gentle, pain free death and use their right to die as they choose
  • The patient dies with dignity rather than slowly getting worse
  • Euthanasia saves medical costs
  • It relieves the family of emotional and financial burdens
  • People should not be expected to suffer and have a poor quality of life
25
Q

Arguments against euthanasia

A
  • Life is special and no one has the right to kill
  • The slippery slope argument says if euthanasia were legalised for the terminally ill, it might end up being used in other situations as well
  • It might mean that there would be less medical research into curing diseases
  • People might be pressured into dying by doctors or their family
  • Hospices can provided an alternative way to die pain free and with dignity without the need for euthanasia
  • Assisting someone with dying can lead to guilt and emotional stress
26
Q

What are Evangelical/Roman Catholic Christians attitudes to euthanasia?

A
  • They will not support euthanasia because of sanity of life principle.
  • Euthanasia is murder which is forbidden in the Bible
  • The person is created in God’s image, we should respect all of God’s creation
  • We should not interfere with God’s plan
  • Terminally ill patients can still worship God and show people God’s love
  • Euthanasia could be used for evil purposes (The Holocaust)
  • No one should value themselves as so worthless that it would be better to die
27
Q

What are other Christians attitudes to euthanasia?

A
  • God intends that people should have a good quality of life

- Jesus taught “Love thy neighbour” and in some situations euthanasia may be the most loving thing to do

28
Q

What are most Muslim attitudes to euthanasia?

A
  • They will not support euthanasia because of the sanctity of life
  • It is seen as suicide which is not permitted in Islam
  • All suffering is a test and Muslims must go through suffering without losing faith
  • God has a plan that we should not interfere with
  • The Qur’an teaches that euthanasia is wrong
29
Q

What are some Muslim attitudes to euthanasia?

A
  • Allow a terminal patient to choose not to carry on with medical treatment if this would relieve the suffering of the patient and their family
  • Some Muslims agree to turning of a life support machine if nothing more can be done to save the person

Religious Studies Paper 1 (4 decks)

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