Matter & Structure Of Atoms Flashcards
What is a molecule?
When 2 or more atoms are chemically combined
What is an Atom made of?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is found in the Nucleus?
Protons and Neutrons
What is heavier - a proton or electron?
Proton is heavier than an electron
Name the charges on a proton, neutron and electron
Proton - +1
Neutron - 0
Electron - -1
What is a compound?
When 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms are chemically combined
What is found on the top of an element Symbol on the periodic table?
The mass number /atomic mass
What is found at the bottom of the element symbol on the periodic table?
The proton/atomic number
How do you find the mass number?
Proton + neutron number
What must be present for an element to be in neutral state?
The number of protons must equal the number of electrons
How does a positive ion come about?
When there are more protons than electrons present due to a loss of one or more electrons
How does a negative ion come about?
There are more electrons than protons
What is a conductor?
When there are less than 4 electrons on the outer shell
What is a semi-conductor?
EXACTLY 4 electrons on the outer shell
What is an insulator?
MORE than 4 electrons on the outer shell
What is the Valence Shell?
The Outer-most shell
What are valence electrons?
Electrons found on the valence shell (outer most shell)
What is an Isotope?
It is an element with the same atomic number but different mass number due to the number of neutrons
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
Properties of a solid
Most dense of the 3 states of matter
Particles are very close together - not free to move around
Properties of a Liquid
More dense than gas
Particles are free flowing
Particles are more spaced out than a solid but less than a gas
Properties of a gas
Particles are free to move around
Particles are very spaced out
List the changes of state
Solid - Liquid = melting Liquid - Gas = evaporation Gas - liquid = condensation Liquid - solid = solidification Solid-gas = sublimation
Density equation and units
Mass/ volume
Units: kg/m^3
What is latent heat
Heat added/removed which causes a phase change without a change in temperature
Sensible Heat
Heat added or removed which causes an increase/decrease in temperature
Latent heat of CONDENSATION
Heat REMOVED which causes a phase change without a change in temperature
Latent heat of FUSION
Heat ADDED which causes a phase change without a change in temperature
Mechanical energy consists of
Kinetic energy
Potential energy
What is the conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed only transformed from one form to another
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler components by any non-nuclear chemical reactions
What is the substance that cannot be decomposed into other chemical substances known as?
An isotope
