Matter, Molecules and More!

Question 1

What is a mixture?

Answer 1

• combination of substances which are not chemically joined together
• mixtures have the same properties as their components
• components can be separated from the mixture

Question 2

Give an example of a mixture

Answer 2

• sugar and salt

- air with nitrogen, oxygen

Question 3

What is Homogeneous?

Answer 3

composed of parts of elements that are all of the same kind

Question 4

Example of homogeneous

Answer 4

marshmallows, honey and material having only one set of properties

Question 5

Example of heterogeneous

Answer 5

when something is made of different parts

Question 6

Example of heterogeneous

Answer 6

sand and mixtures made up of parts that retain their own properties, even if these properties are not visible to the unaided eye

Question 7

What is a solution?

Answer 7

• mixture in which other substances are dissolved
• components of a solution may not be separated from the solution by leaving it to stand or by filtration. If a material dissolves in a liquid, the material is said to be soluble

Question 8

example of solution

Answer 8

salt in sea water

Question 9

what is a suspension

Answer 9

a mix of liquids with particles of a solid which may not dissolve in the liquid
- the solid may be separated from the liquid by leaving it to stand or by filtration

Question 10

example of suspension

Answer 10

sand in water

Question 11

Matter can be separated into these 3 categories

Answer 11

solid, liquid, gas

Question 12

how do you describe matter

Answer 12

properties

Question 13

define matter

Answer 13

anything that takes up space, has mass, and is made up of particles

Question 14

what makes solutes dissolve better

Answer 14

1) agitation (stirring, shaking)
2) temperature (heat makes solute dissolve in liquid faster, cold makes gas dissolve in a liquid faster)
3) size (less solute, quicker it will go

Question 15

what is a universal solvent?

Answer 15

water

Question 16

why is water a good universal solvent?

Answer 16

• solutes dissolve well in it
• it’s polarized (clings to things)
• has a negative and positive charge

Question 17

what is an ionic bond?

Answer 17

atoms have positive or negative charges. id a neg meets a positive, their opposite charges attract and glue them together

Question 18

what is a covalent bond?

Answer 18

a chemical bond formed by sharing one or more electrons between atoms

Question 19

what is concentrate?

Answer 19

when they have more of the base component (solvent) removed example: when you remove water from fruit juice

Question 20

what is capillary action?

Answer 20

physical effect caused by the interaction of a liquid with the walls of a thin tube

Question 21

what is a pure substance?

Answer 21

elements

Question 22

what is a physical change?

Answer 22

does not affect the molecules inside something, it only changes its shape

• change size or colour
• it only chnages the state of matter
• no new material formed
• can occur by increasing or decreasing the temp

Question 23

what is a chemical change?

Answer 23

• can change the chemicals of something

- example: burn paper, then it’s changed because there are no more molecules

Question 24

what are signs of chemical reaction?

Answer 24

• formation of bubbles
• colour change
• production of heat or light
• formation of a solid
• baking is a chemical reaction

Question 25

what is a saturated solution?

Answer 25

- means you want to dissolve a solid into a liquid, but there's too much of a solid, so not all can dissolve - must be at a certain temp - heat it up to make is supersaturated

Question 26

what is matter made up of?

Answer 26

tiny particles called atoms and molecules

Question 27

particles of matter

Answer 27

1) in constant motion | 2) held together by very strong electric forces

Question 28

what affects the speed of particles between matter?

Answer 28

higher the temp, the faster the speed of the molecules

Question 29

what does the particle theory of matter explain?

Answer 29

1. pure substances are homogeneous 2. physical changes (melting, evaporation, sublimation, dissolving) 3. characteristic physical properties - density, viscosity, electreical and thermal conductivity

Question 30

what is hydrophilic

Answer 30

loving water | example: sugar is more hydrophilic than salt so it dissolves in water more quickly than salt

Question 31

what is hydrophobic

Answer 31

hating water

Question 32

what are colloids

Answer 32

- heterogeneous mix composed of tiny particles suspended in another material example: milk

Question 33

why is milk a colloid?

Answer 33

particles can be solid tiny droplets of liquid, or tiny bubbles of gas

Question 34

what are dissolved gases

Answer 34

gases that have been dissolved into the solvent | example: oxygen and CO2 dissolved into water so fish can live

Question 35

what is dilute?

Answer 35

- weaken the strength of a solution by increasing the amount of solvent - make thinner or less concentrated (add water) - to lessen the force, strength or purity of a mixture

Question 36

what is the rate of dissolving

Answer 36

the speed at which a solute dissolves in a solvent

Question 37

what is solubility

Answer 37

- the ability of a substance to dissolve

Question 38

what is a solute?

Answer 38

the substance being dissolved

Question 39

what is a solvent?

Answer 39

substance in which the solute is being dissolved

Question 40

what is a solution?

Answer 40

a mix of solute and solvent

Question 41

what is an unsaturated solution?

Answer 41

- a solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature - more of the solute could dissolve at the same temperature - if you add more solute to the liquid, it would keep dissolving

Question 42

example of unsaturated solution?

Answer 42

a teaspoon of salt in a bucket of water is unsaturated... if you add another teaspoon it would also dissolve

Question 43

what is a supersaturated solution?

Answer 43

a solution that contains more of the dissolved material than coudl be dissolved by the solvent under normal circumstances - heat up a saturated solution

Question 44

what is a soluble? example

Answer 44

able to be dissolved; sugar is soluble in water

Question 45

what is insoluble?

Answer 45

that cannot be dissolved

Question 46

what is settling?

Answer 46

- the process by which pariticulates settle to the bottom of a liquid and form sediment - for gravity settling, this means particles will fall to the bottom of the vessel

Question 47

what is sediment?

Answer 47

naturally occurring material tha tis broken down by process of weathering and erosion and is subsequently transported by the action of fluids such as wind, water

Question 48

what is slurry?

Answer 48

a thick suspension of solids in a liquid

Question 49

what is a mechanical mixture? examples

Answer 49

when two or more diffent materials are mixed together, but are visibly not wholly one example: sand and stones on a beach, milk in a cereal bowl

Question 50

how to atoms move in gas?

Answer 50

fast

Question 51

do atoms in liquid move faster or slower than gas?

Answer 51

slower

Question 52

how do atoms move in solids?

Answer 52

slowest

Question 53

what is an atom?

Answer 53

- a part or particle considered to be an irreducible constituent of a specified system - an extremely small part, quantity or amount

Question 54

do atoms have nuclear energy?

Answer 54

yes

Question 55

what is a molecule?

Answer 55

- the smallest particle of a substance that retains the chemical and physical properties of the substance and is composed of two or more atoms - a group of the like or different atoms held together by chemical forces - a small particle, a tiny bit

Question 56

is there space between molecules?

Answer 56

yes. it is a space-time continuum