Matter Changes Flashcards
Convection
- Transfer of thermal energy via particle movement
- boiling water. Warm, less dense water expands to top and cool dense water falls. Cycle continues until evap
Covalent bond
- strong bond. Atoms share electron pairs
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Conduction
Thermal energy transfer via particle collision
Radiation
thermal energy transfer via elecmag waves
Most abundant elements in atmosphere
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Most abundant in Earths crust
Oxygen Silicon Alum Iron Cal
Most abundant ocean minerals
Chlorine Sodium Mag Sulfur Other Cal
Most abundant elements in Humans
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Other Phosphorus
Heterogenous Mixture
Substances are not evenly mixed eg two bowls of trail mix. One with more berries than the other
Can be separated physically
Homogenous Mixture
Aka solution
Brass is a homo bc you cannot see the copper and zinc atoms even under most microscopes
But these are still not bonded together
Solution
Solvent
Solute
All three states of matter can be either of these in a solution
Solvent
Present in large amounts
Solute
Break apart or mix evenly
Compound
The properties of a compound are different than the properties of the atoms that make it up
Two classifications of matter
Substance
Mixture
Substance
Composition is always the same
Chemical property
Chemical change
A substances ability inability to combine with or change into one more new substances.
Formation of a new substance
Physical change
Melting Boiling Changing shape Mixing Dissolved Temp var
Chemical change
Change in color Burning Rusting Formation of gas Precipitate (2liqds form a solid) Spoiling food Tarnishing silver Digesting food
Particle attraction strength in solid
Close together causing a solid and preventing movement along particles
Particle attraction strength in liquid
Weak allowing the particles to slide freely past one another as with marbles in a bag
Particle attraction strength in gas
Particles move freely bc they are spread apart and so not held together by attractive forces
Identifying unknown substances via physical properties
Melting point and density are most useful
These are constant regardless of the size or vol
Nonmetals
brittle as a solid
Most are gases at room temp
Poor conductors
Metalloids
Properties in common with both metals and non
Good conductors at hi temps
Groups 13-17 in stair step formation
Eight total
Metals
All transition elements r metals
Ductile (ability to be pulled into wire)
Hg not solid at room
Metallic properties increase left to bottom of p table
Alkali metals
Group one
Unstable as lone elements
Lowest density of all metals
Soft cut with knife
Name the two types if substances
Elements
Compounds
