Matter and Separation Techniques Flashcards
anything that has mass, volume, and occupies space
matter
matter is compose of
- atoms - single neutral particles (smallest particle)
- molecules - neutral particles made of two or more atoms bonded together
- ions - positively or negatively charged particles
A state of matter wherein the molecules are held close to each other by their attractions of charge. They will bend and/or
vibrate, but will stay in close proximity.
solid
A state of matter wherein molecules will flow or glide
over one another, but stay toward the bottom of the
container. Motion is a bit more random than that of a solid
liquid
A state of matter wherein molecules are in continual straight-line motion. The kinetic energy of the molecule is greater than the attractive force between them, thus they are much farther apart and move freely from each other.
gas
(Under Matter) SUBSTANCES THAT ARE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF PARTICLE AND HAVE A FIXED OR CONSTANT STRUCTURE.
- composed of only 1 component (one type of atom or molecule, has unique physical properties)
- further classified as elements and compounds
Pure Substance
pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atoms
element
pure substances that are made up of two or more kinds of atoms (a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined)
compound
(Under matter) composed of several components/substances that have been physically, not chemically, combined (no unique physical property, can be physically separated, physical change)
mixture
- a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
- exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture
homogenous mixture
- a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
- exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture
homogenous mixture
- A mixture with a non-uniform composition. The composition varies from one region to another with at least two phases that remain separate from each other, with clearly identifiable properties
- its properties varies in different parts of the mixture
heterogenous mixture
a change in one or more physical properties but no change in composition.
Examples:
cutting, melting, boiling, freezing
physical change
transforms a substance into one or more new substances.
Examples:
electrolysis, precipitates, formation of light/heat
chemical change
Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present.
Examples:
Color, odor, hardness, melting/freezing point, boiling point, density, malleability, luster
Intensive Properties
properties that depend on the amount of water present
examples:
mass, weight, volume, length
extensive properties
methods that use physical properties to separate the components of the mixture
separation techniques
particles are separated by size using a sieve (physical property: particle size)
sieving
insoluble particles suspended in mixtures are allowed to settle out from liquids or gases (gravity), often when the liquid or gas is stationary (density)
sedimentation
follows sedimentation, involves pouring off a liquid from above insoluble particles that have settled at the bottom of a mixture (density)
decantation
involves rapidly spinning a mixture of substances that have different densities (can also separate immiscible liquids at different densities)
- uses centrifuge
- miscibility – the ability of a liquid solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent
centrifugation
to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture using a filtering membrane, like paper or cloth
Filtration
to separate a liquid in a homogeneous mixture
distillation
