Matter and Separation Techniques

Question 1

anything that has mass, volume, and occupies space

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

matter is compose of

Answer 2

• atoms - single neutral particles (smallest particle)
• molecules - neutral particles made of two or more atoms bonded together
• ions - positively or negatively charged particles

Question 3

A state of matter wherein the molecules are held close to each other by their attractions of charge. They will bend and/or
vibrate, but will stay in close proximity.

Answer 3

solid

Question 4

A state of matter wherein molecules will flow or glide
over one another, but stay toward the bottom of the
container. Motion is a bit more random than that of a solid

Answer 4

liquid

Question 5

A state of matter wherein molecules are in continual straight-line motion. The kinetic energy of the molecule is greater than the attractive force between them, thus they are much farther apart and move freely from each other.

Answer 5

gas

Question 6

(Under Matter) SUBSTANCES THAT ARE MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF PARTICLE AND HAVE A FIXED OR CONSTANT STRUCTURE.
- composed of only 1 component (one type of atom or molecule, has unique physical properties)
- further classified as elements and compounds

Answer 6

Pure Substance

Question 7

pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atoms

Answer 7

element

Question 8

pure substances that are made up of two or more kinds of atoms (a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined)

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

(Under matter) composed of several components/substances that have been physically, not chemically, combined (no unique physical property, can be physically separated, physical change)

Answer 9

mixture

Question 10

• a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
• exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture

Answer 10

homogenous mixture

Question 10

• a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.
• exhibits the same properties in different parts of the mixture

Answer 10

homogenous mixture

Question 11

• A mixture with a non-uniform composition. The composition varies from one region to another with at least two phases that remain separate from each other, with clearly identifiable properties
• its properties varies in different parts of the mixture

Answer 11

heterogenous mixture

Question 12

a change in one or more physical properties but no change in composition.

Examples:
cutting, melting, boiling, freezing

Answer 12

physical change

Question 13

transforms a substance into one or more new substances.

Examples:
electrolysis, precipitates, formation of light/heat

Answer 13

chemical change

Question 14

Properties that do not depend on the amount of the matter present.

Examples:
Color, odor, hardness, melting/freezing point, boiling point, density, malleability, luster

Answer 14

Intensive Properties

Question 15

properties that depend on the amount of water present

examples:
mass, weight, volume, length

Answer 15

extensive properties

Question 16

methods that use physical properties to separate the components of the mixture

Answer 16

separation techniques

Question 17

particles are separated by size using a sieve (physical property: particle size)

Answer 17

sieving

Question 18

insoluble particles suspended in mixtures are allowed to settle out from liquids or gases (gravity), often when the liquid or gas is stationary (density)

Answer 18

sedimentation

Question 19

follows sedimentation, involves pouring off a liquid from above insoluble particles that have settled at the bottom of a mixture (density)

Answer 19

decantation

Question 20

involves rapidly spinning a mixture of substances that have different densities (can also separate immiscible liquids at different densities)
- uses centrifuge
- miscibility – the ability of a liquid solute to dissolve in a liquid solvent

Answer 20

centrifugation

Question 21

to separate a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture using a filtering membrane, like paper or cloth

Answer 21

Filtration

Question 22

to separate a liquid in a homogeneous mixture

Answer 22

distillation