Matter and Mixtures Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Mass
Is the amount of matter in an object
3 states of matter
~ solids
~ liquids
~ gases
Properties of solids
- Solids have a definite shape
- Solids have a definite volume
- Solids can not be compressed
- Solids cannot flow
Properties of liquids
- Liquids have no definite shape
- Liquids have a definite volume
- Liquids cannot be compressed
- Liquids can flow
Properties of gases
- Gases have no definite shape
- Gases have no definite volume
- Gases can be compressed
- Gases can flow
Heat energy
In order for a substance to change state ( from a solid to a liquid, or liquid to gas ) it needs heat energy
Latent heat
As a substance changes state, it uses latent heat. There is no change to temperature, but the state of the material changes.
Melting Point
The melting point is when both the solid and liquid state exist together ( changing from a solid to a liquid )
Boiling Point
The boiling point of a liquid is when evaporation begins to happen throughout the liquid ( changing from a liquid to a gas )
Condensation
Condensation is the changing of a gas to a liquid
Diffusion
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. E.g. spray perfume in one corner of the room, and it spreads to the rest of the room
Plasma
Plasma is the fourth state of matter, like gas, but can conduct electricity
Physical Change
No change in particles, just the particle arrangement and energy, easy to reverse e.g. mixing water and salt
Chemical Change
A chemical reaction takes place and a new substance is formed, very hard to reverse e.g.burning a match
During a Chemical Reaction
During a chemical reaction the atoms rearrange to form a new substance. Might be seen by colour change, temperature change, light being emitted or bubbles
Law of conservation of mass
Matter can be changed from one form to another. During physical and chemical changes, there is no overall change in mass
Mixture
A mixture consists of two or more substances mingled together but not chemically combined e.g. sand and water
There are four methods of separating mixtures
~ filtration
~ evaporation
~ distillation
~ chromatography
Filtration
Used to separate small insoluble solids ( do not dissolve in a liquid ) from a liquid by using filter paper and a funnel to trap the solids. E.g. sand and water
Evaporation
Used to separate soluble solids ( dissolve in liquids ) from a solution by evaporating off the liquid to leave the solids. E.g. salt and water
Insoluble
Does not dissolve in liquid
Soluble
Dissolves in a liquid
Residue
The soil left in the paper after filtration
