Matter and materials Flashcards
What is matter?
Everything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom
The smallest part of matter that can exist on its own
What is an element
-The simplest type of chemical substance that can exist on its own and can’t be broken down
-Pure substance
-Made up of one type of atom
What do the groups tell us on the period table
How many valence electrons there are
What is group 1 in the period table
-Alkali Metals
-Very reactive (only lose one electron)
-Water becomes basic if mixed with them
What is group 2 in the period table
-Alkali earth metals
-Less reactive than alkali metals
What is group 3-12 on the period table
-Transition metals
What is group 17 on the period table
-7 valence electrons
-Reactive (gain one electron)
What is group 18 on the period table
-Full valence shell
-8 Valence electrons
-Inert (unreactive)
What are the ferromagnetic elements
What’s special about them?
-Iron
-Cobalt
-Nickel
-They are permanent magnets
What do the periods tell us in the period table
-Show how many orbitals an element has
What is a Molecules
-Two or more (of the same) atoms joined together with a chemical bond
What are the seven diatomic molecules?
-Hydrogen
-Nitrogen
-Fluorine
-Oxygen
-Iodine
-Chlorine
-Bromine
What is a compound
-Two or more (different) atoms joined together with a chemical bond
-Can be broken down through thermal decomposition and electrolysis
What is a mixture
-Different substances with different properties mixed together
-No chemical bond
-Can be physically separated
-Found in any ratio
