Matter and Energy

Question 1

What is found in the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 2

What is direct observation?

Answer 2

Direct observation is an instance in which you use one of your senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing, to experience an event that happened in your presence.

Question 3

What makes a good hypothesis?

Answer 3

A good hypothesis must be testable and it must be falsifiable.

Question 4

What is convection?

Answer 4

Convection is the movement of matter caused by differences in density.

Question 5

How does convection work?

Answer 5

Convection occurs when particles with a lot of heat energy in a liquid or gas move and take the place of particles with less heat energy. Heat energy is transferred from hot places to cooler places by convection. … Liquids and gases expand when they are heated.

Question 6

Name the four major spheres of Earth.

Answer 6

lithosphere (land), hydrosphere (water), biosphere (living things), and atmosphere (air).

Question 7

If energy is added or removed from a system, what will happen to the temperature, volume, and density?

Answer 7

If energy is added to a system, temperature increases, volume increases, and density decreases.

Question 8

Definition:Atom.

Answer 8

Atoms are the basic units of matter. They are made up of three particles: protons, neutrons and electrons.

Question 9

Definition:Atmosphere

Answer 9

The outer layer of Earth is called the atmosphere. The atmosphere is made up of air, a mixture of gases and particles.

Question 10

Def:Biosphere:

Answer 10

The biosphere is defined as the area of the planet where organisms live, including the ground and the air. An example of the biosphere is where live occurs on, above and below the surface of Earth.

Question 11

Def: Conduction

Answer 11

Heat can also be transferred from one object to another, or from one molecule to another through the process of conduction. As one molecule is heated it begins to move and shake rapidly. As it does so, it passes some of its heat energy to other molecules around it.

Question 12

Def:Convection

Answer 12

Convection takes place when heated molecules move from one place to another, taking the heat with them. Convection is common in both the atmosphere as well as in the oceans.

Question 13

Direct observation

Answer 13

An observation made with a human’s 5 senses/

Question 14

Def: Electron

Answer 14

An electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle.

Question 15

Def: geosphere

Answer 15

eosphere refers to the parts of our planet that are solid (like the mantle and crust).

Question 16

Def: Hydrosphere

Answer 16

The hydrosphere is the part of a planet that’s made of water.

Question 17

Def: Hypothesis

Answer 17

an idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation

Question 18

Def: indirect observation

Answer 18

– the result of an occurrence that cannot be
directly viewed in which the research infers what
happened to cause the occurrence

Question 19

def: Inference

Answer 19

An inference is an idea or conclusion that’s drawn from evidence and reasoning. An inference is an educated guess.

Question 20

Def: Ion

Answer 20

a charged subatomic particle (such as a free electron)

Question 21

Def: Isotope

Answer 21

The atoms of a chemical element can exist in different types. These are called isotopes. They have the same number of protons (and electrons), but different numbers of neutrons

Question 22

Def: Neutron

Answer 22

A neutron is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom

Question 23

Def: Periodic table

Answer 23

A table in which the chemical elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

Question 24

Def: Proton

Answer 24

A proton is a subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom

Question 25

Def: Radiation

Answer 25

Radiation is energy that moves from one place to another. Light, sound, heat, and X-rays are examples of radiation.