Matter and energy Flashcards
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy in moving objects. All objects have some amount of kinetic energy in them
How does energy transfer? From what objects to what objects?
Energy is always transferred from objects of higher temperature to objects of lower temperature
What is conduction?
Conduction is the transfer of heat from objects with higher kinetic atoms to lower kinetic atoms through direct contact
What is temperature?
Temperature is the average kinetic energy in an object. There are 3 scales to measure temperature; 1. Celsius, 2. Fahrenheit, 3. Kelvin. We measure body temperature with a clinical thermometer
What is heat?
Heat is the total kinetic energy in an object, it is the energy transferred from an object of higher energy to lower energy
What is melting?
The process of solids changing to liquids
Why is water different from other liquids?
Water is different from other liquids as the atoms in water are actually more closely packed than the atoms in ice (water sold form) unlike any other liquid.
What is a melting point and why is it different for every object?
Melting point is different for every object as every object has a different amount of force of attraction and its molecular structure is also different.
What is the process of a solid directly becoming gas called?
Sublimation. Ex: Campher, Dry ice
What is evaporation?
The process of liquid turning into gas.
What is the difference between evaporation and vaporization?
Evaporation:
1. Can happen at all temperatures
2. Can happen below boiling point
3. Occurs is the surface of the liquid
4. Slow and silent
5. Factors affecting the rate of evaporation:
- Surface area
- Temperature
- Wind
- Humidity
Vapourization:
1. Can happen only at certain temperatures (depends on liquid)
3. Can happen only at the boiling point
3. Occurs through the whole mass of the liquid
4. Fast and vigorous
5. These factors don’t affect the rate of vaporization:
- Surface area
- Temperature
- Wind
- Humidity
What is used to measure temperature? What do we use to measure body temperature?
Thermometer. Clinical Thermometer
What is the process of gas to plasma called?
Ionization
What is the process of plasma to a gas called?
Recombination
What is plasma?
Plasma is the 4th state of matter. When we heat gasses the ionization process occurs, creating plasma.
What is freezing?
Change from liquid to solid.
What is the change from gas to solid directly called?
Deposition
What is condensation?
The process of gas becoming a liquid through the cooling
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter has kinetic energy.
How are the state of matter and kinetic energy related?
States of matter exist because of changes in kinetic energy. When the kinetic energy increases to a certain point the forces of attraction are overcome, changing its state, this can happen in reverse also.
Define the biogeochemical cycle.
the biogeochemical cycle is a cycle in which chemical elements and water are recycled, this cycle includes both biotic and abiotic parts of the ecosystem.
What is a reservoir?
It is a place that holds water or another element for a long period of time. Ex ocean.
What is the water cycle?
The continuous movement of water in the biosphere.
What is an aquifer?
It is an underground layer of rock that stores water, sometimes for thousands of years.
