Matter Flashcards
Identify the three states of matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Outline the particle theory of matter
The particle theory says that-
All substances are made up of particles
These particles are attracted to each other
These particles move around
Particles move faster when the temperature increases
Atomic structure-what did Dalton do?
He proposed that all substances were made up of tiny unbreakable particles called atoms
Atomic structure-Thompson
He proposed that atoms had electrons embedded in them
Atomic structure-Rutherford
Described atoms as having a nucleus made of protons with electrons orbiting around it
Atomic structure-Bohr
Suggested that electrons orbited the nucleus in energy shells
Atomic structure-Chadwick
Shower that neutrons existed
Atomic structure-Schrodinger
Proposed the cloud model of an atom
Outline the difference between solids,liquids and gases in terms of particle movement
Solid-particles are packed in tightly slightly vibrating
Liquid-the particles vibrate a little faster than a solid and are free to move over each other
Gas-particles move very fast and fly all over the place
Properties of a solid
Keeps its shape
Doesn’t compress
Doesn’t spread out
The volume doesn’t change
Properties of a liquid
Changed to the shape of the container it’s in
Doesn’t compress
Spreads out but eventually stops
Volume doesn’t change
Properties of a gas
Changes shape to the container it’s in
Does compress
Spreads out to a large volume
Changes to the volume of the container
Define diffusion
A physical process of atoms or molecules moving apart within a gas or liquid
Define pressure
A force acting over a given area
What affects air pressure
The number of particles in the gas
The size of the space the gas is in
The volume of the container
What happens when a gas is compressed
The amount of space the gas takes up decreases
The same number of particles are in a smaller volume
The gas particles are now hitting the walls of the container more, leading to an increase in pressure
Define heat
Flow of energy between two systems by means of kinetic energy
What happens during expansion and contraction in terms of particle movement
When something expands it is because the particles in the object become hot and start moving faster causing the object to expand
When is contracts again it’s because the object had cooled down and the particles calmed down and returned to their natural movement, as does the size of the object
Does the application of heat reduce or increase the particles energy levels
Increase
Does the reduction of heat reduce or increase the particles energy levels
Reduce
Define condensation
Condensation is the cooling of warm air that then turns into water
Define deposition
The geological process in which sediments,soul and rocks are added to a landform or landmass
Define evaporation
The process of turning from liquid into vapour
Define melting
Becoming liquified by heat
Define solidification
Make or become hard or solid
Define sublimation
A solid deposit of a substance which has been sublimed
Define density
The density of something is a measure of how much it weighs
