Matter

Question 1

Identify the three states of matter

Answer 1

Solid
Liquid
Gas

Question 2

Outline the particle theory of matter

Answer 2

The particle theory says that-
All substances are made up of particles
These particles are attracted to each other
These particles move around
Particles move faster when the temperature increases

Question 3

Atomic structure-what did Dalton do?

Answer 3

He proposed that all substances were made up of tiny unbreakable particles called atoms

Question 4

Atomic structure-Thompson

Answer 4

He proposed that atoms had electrons embedded in them

Question 5

Atomic structure-Rutherford

Answer 5

Described atoms as having a nucleus made of protons with electrons orbiting around it

Question 6

Atomic structure-Bohr

Answer 6

Suggested that electrons orbited the nucleus in energy shells

Question 7

Atomic structure-Chadwick

Answer 7

Shower that neutrons existed

Question 8

Atomic structure-Schrodinger

Answer 8

Proposed the cloud model of an atom

Question 9

Outline the difference between solids,liquids and gases in terms of particle movement

Answer 9

Solid-particles are packed in tightly slightly vibrating
Liquid-the particles vibrate a little faster than a solid and are free to move over each other
Gas-particles move very fast and fly all over the place

Question 10

Properties of a solid

Answer 10

Keeps its shape
Doesn’t compress
Doesn’t spread out
The volume doesn’t change

Question 11

Properties of a liquid

Answer 11

Changed to the shape of the container it’s in
Doesn’t compress
Spreads out but eventually stops
Volume doesn’t change

Question 12

Properties of a gas

Answer 12

Changes shape to the container it’s in
Does compress
Spreads out to a large volume
Changes to the volume of the container

Question 13

Define diffusion

Answer 13

A physical process of atoms or molecules moving apart within a gas or liquid

Question 14

Define pressure

Answer 14

A force acting over a given area

Question 15

What affects air pressure

Answer 15

The number of particles in the gas
The size of the space the gas is in
The volume of the container

Question 16

What happens when a gas is compressed

Answer 16

The amount of space the gas takes up decreases
The same number of particles are in a smaller volume
The gas particles are now hitting the walls of the container more, leading to an increase in pressure

Question 17

Define heat

Answer 17

Flow of energy between two systems by means of kinetic energy

Question 18

What happens during expansion and contraction in terms of particle movement

Answer 18

When something expands it is because the particles in the object become hot and start moving faster causing the object to expand
When is contracts again it’s because the object had cooled down and the particles calmed down and returned to their natural movement, as does the size of the object

Question 19

Does the application of heat reduce or increase the particles energy levels

Answer 19

Increase

Question 20

Does the reduction of heat reduce or increase the particles energy levels

Answer 20

Reduce

Question 21

Define condensation

Answer 21

Condensation is the cooling of warm air that then turns into water

Question 22

Define deposition

Answer 22

The geological process in which sediments,soul and rocks are added to a landform or landmass

Question 23

Define evaporation

Answer 23

The process of turning from liquid into vapour

Question 24

Define melting

Answer 24

Becoming liquified by heat

Question 25

Define solidification

Answer 25

Make or become hard or solid

Question 26

Define sublimation

Answer 26

A solid deposit of a substance which has been sublimed

Question 27

Define density

Answer 27

The density of something is a measure of how much it weighs