Matter Flashcards
What are the subatomic particles?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
What is a proton?
Positive charge
What is a neutron?
A neutral charge
What is a electron?
A negative charge
Where are protons in an atom
Inside the nucleus
Where are the electrons in an atom
On shells
Where are neutrons in an atom?
Inside the nucleus
How many electrons can the first shell hold
2
How many electrons can the 2nd shell hold?
8
How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold?
8
Where is the proton number?
On the bottom
Where is the mass number?
At the top
How do you work out the number of neutrons?
You subtract the proton number from the mass number,
What’s the smallest particle that can exist on its own?
An atom
What is an element
Substances that are made from one type of atom
What is a compound
A pure substance made from two or more elements chemically bonded together and cant be separated
What is a mixture?
Two or more elements or compounds that are in the same place but not chemically joined together. This is why air is a mixture.
What is a polymer?
Long chains of molecules and they can be cross linked joining several chains together. They are made from smaller molecules called monomers. Rubber bands, plastic bags and chewing gum are examples of polymers
How are synthetic polymers made?
Made by joining lots of monomers together to make very long molecules . This process is called polymerisation. Many polymers are made from chemicals that are obtained from crude oil.
How do the properties change?
Depending on how long the chains are, the properties change.
What are examples of natural polymers?
Grass, sheep wool, silk, cotton, starch.
What was the first synthetic fibre called
Nylon
Properties of polythene are…
Strong, tough, and waterproof. It also an electrical and is flexible.
What is High density polyethene
Strong and relatively flexible plastic material. Used for products that need protection that need protection and need to last a long time.
0000
| | | |
0000
0 0. 0. 0
0 0 0
0 0. 0
What does this represent
Atoms of an element.
00 00 00
00. 00. 00
00. 00. 00
What does this represent
Molecules of an element
0o. 0o. 0o. 0o
0o. 0o
0o. 0o. 0o
What does this represent
Molecules of a compound made of two elements.
O0o o0o O0o
What does this represent
Molecules of a compound containing three atoms.
0o o0o. 0o.
0o 0o0
What does this represent
A mixture of compounds
- O 0 O
0 O. O 0
What does this represent
Mixture of elements.
What Is low density polyethene
Molecules in this type slide over each other this makes it mor flexible. It is light weight.
000
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0000
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000000What is group 1
Alkali metals
What is a vertical column called?
A Group
What is a horizontal row called
A period.
Why are elements put in groups
They share the same characteristics and properties.
Who put the periodic table together?
Dimitri Mendeleev
What did dalton do to arrange the elements
Put them in order of their atomic weights
What did newlands do9 to arrange the elements
He made the law of octaves whilst using daltons arrangement of mass. But then other scientists ridiculed him
How did dobereiner arrange the periodic table
Triad arrangements
What is group 7 called
The halogens
What is in group 7
Fluorine ( Fl)
Chlorine(Cl)
Bromine (Br)
Iodine (I)
Characteristics of group 7 Melting points? State? Colour? Reactivity
They have low melting points; increases as it goes down the table
They change from gasses to solids as thry go down.
Fl-green cl-yellow br-brown I- blacky purple
The reactivity decreases as you go down the table.
What group reacts with iron
Group 7
What is a displacement reaction
When a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element for a solution of itself
What elements are in group 1
Lithium-li
Sodium-na
Potassium-k
Properties of group 1?
State?
Conductivity?
Melting point
Metals
Good conductors of heat?
Shiny when first cut
The trend of the melting point decreases.
What elements are there in group 0?
Helium-he Neon-ne Argon-ar Krypton- kr Xenon- xe Radon-rn
What properties does group 0 have? Density? Reactivity? Boiling point? Colour?
Density and reactivity increases as you go down the group.
Boiling point increases as you go down the group
Colourless
Why is group 1 reactive?
Because group 1 has one electron in its outer shell and they want to fill the outer shell.
If the compound has 2 different elements in it, what will it end in?
IDE
If the compound has 3 different elements in it, what does the compound end in?
ATE
