Matter Flashcards
what is the formation of solid?
- strong forces of attraction
- regular arrangement
- vibrate in fixed position
- more dense
what is the formation of a liquid?
- weaker forces of attraction
- more kinetic stores
- random direction at low speeds
what is the formation of a gas?
- almost no forces of attraction
- free to move
- random directions at high speeds
- less dense
what is it called moving a solid to a gas?
sublimation
what is the equation for density?
p= m/v density= mass/ velocity
what are the units of density?
g/cm3
kg/m3
what method/investigation would you use to investigate the densities of solids and liquids?
- measure mass of object (m1)
- fill bottle with liquid of known density
- place stopper and dry bottle
- measure mass again (m2)
- empty bottle and put object into density bottle
- repeate 2+3 and record mass (m3)
- calculate volume of displaced water
- work out density
what is the difference between chemical and physical changes?
- physical is changes of state
- chemical is chemical reactions forming new substances
how will heating a system change the amount of energy stored in that system?
- heating increases energy in thermal energy store
- material Gian energy when heated up
define the term specific heat capacity
change in energy in the thermal storer needed to rise the temperature of 1kg of that substance up by 1 degree
define the term latent heat
heat required to change a solid into a liquid by not changing the temperature
what is the equation for CHANGE IN thermal energy (J)?
Q= m X c X temperature change
change in thermal energy .=
mass(KG) X heat (J/KG) X temperature change
what is the equation for thermal energy? (Q)
Q= M X L
thermal energy = mass X specific latent heat (J/KG)
how can you investigate the properties of water by determining specific heat temperatures of melting ice?
- use mass balance to measure mass of insulting container
- fill with water and measure again
- set up joule meter and make sure it reads 0
- measure temperature of water then power on
- watch thermometer when increased by e.g. 10degrees stop and record energy on joule meter
- calculate heat captivity by Q= m X c X temperature change
- repeat 3x, average
when do gas particles create pressure?
when they collide
how do gas collisions create pressure?
- gas particles have a mass
- so when they collide exert a force
- creates pressure
what happens when you increase the temperature of a gas in a sealed container?
- energy transferred into kinetic energy stores
- particles hit walls more frequently
- more pressure
what is the temperature of absolute zero?
-273 degrees
what happens to particles at absolute zero?
very little energy
pretty much still
what is the convention of Celsius to Kelvins?
add 273
why to stretch, compress or bend something MORE than 1 force is acting on it?
it would go in the direction of the force if it was just one
what is elastic distortion?
goes back to original shape
what is inelastic distortion?
doesn’t return to its original shape
what is the equation for a force in calculating a spring constant or linear elastic distortion?
F= k X x force(N)= spring constant(N/M) X extension(M)
how do you calculate work done in stretching a spring?
E= 0.5 X k X x2 Energy transferred(J)= 0.5 X spring constant(N/M) X extension squared (m2)
what would a LINEAR line look like on a graph?
straight
what would a NON LINEAR line look like on a graph?
curved
what is the method for investigating the extension and work done when applying forces to a spring?
- measure natural length of spring in mm
- add mass, record new length
- extension is change in length
- repeat, no fewer than 6 times
- plot force-extension graph
- curve if exceeded limit of proportionality
