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Physics > Electricity and Circuits > Flashcards

Electricity and Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the difference between series and parallel circuits?

A

series- components connected in line, same current everywhere, p.d. shared
parallel- separately connected, same p.d., current shared

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2
Q

what is potential difference?

A

energy transferred over unit charge

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3
Q

what is a volt?

A

p.d. is sometimes called voltage, same thing

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4
Q

what is the equation for energy transferred?

A

energy transferred= charge moved X potential difference

E= Q X V

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5
Q

what is current?

A
  • flow of electrical charge e.g. electrons
  • only flow if there is is p.d.
  • circuit must be complete
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6
Q

what is the equation for charge?

A 
charge= current X time
Q= I X T
current in A
Charge in C
Time in s
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7
Q

what happens to current at a junction in a circuit?

A

current is conserved at a junction in a circuit

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8
Q

what is resistance and what is it measured in?

A

anything that slows the flow down

measured in ohm

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9
Q

what is the equation for potential difference?

A

potential difference= current X resistance

V= I X R

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10
Q

what happens when you add a resistor in a series circuit?

A
  • increases total resistance
  • because they have to share total p.d.
  • and the current is the same everywhere
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11
Q

what happens when you add resistor in a parallel circuit?

A
  • reduces total resistance

- increase in current meaning decrease in total resistance

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12
Q

what is the current like in a series circuit?

A

-current same everywhere

I= V / R

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13
Q

what is the potential different like in a series circuit?

A

-total p.d. of supply is equally shared

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14
Q

what is the resistance like in a series circuit?

A

-increases as you add resistors

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15
Q

what happens if one component isn’t working in a series circuit?

A

nothing will work

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16
Q

what is the method of practical used to investigate the relationship between V, I, and R for resistor and filament lamps?

A
  1. set up circuit with ammeter, cell, resister, and voltmeter under component
  2. change resistance and measure current
  3. take several pair of readings
  4. plot current against p.d. on I-V graph
  5. you can then see relationship
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17
Q

what happens when you add a diode as the component in the circuit?

A

if you swap its direction current cannot flow through it

18
Q

what happens when you add a thermistor as the component in the circuit?

A

as you heat it current increases and resistance decreases

19
Q

what happens when yours LDR’s (filament lamps) as the component in the circuit?

A

light will get brighter, current increases and resistance decreases

20
Q

what happens when there is an electric current in a resistor?

A

there is an energy transfer which heats the resistor

21
Q

LEARN GRAPHS ON PAGE 187

A

LEARN GRAPHS ON PAGE 187

22
Q

what equation can we use to work out energy transferred to and electrical component?

A

E= I X V X t

23
Q

what are the advantages of the heating effect on an electrical circuit?

A
  • toasters, containing a coil of wire

- similar to filament bulbs and electric heaters

24
Q

what are the disadvantages of the heating effect on an electrical circuit?

A
  • reduces efficiency

- too high, could melt

25
Q

what is power? what is it measured in?

A
  • energy transferred per second

- measured in watts

26
Q

what is the equation for power?

A 
P= E/t
power(W)= energy transferred(J) / Time(s)
27
Q

how is the power transfer in a circuit related to the potential different and current in it?

A
  • p.d. tells you energy each unit of change transfers
  • currents tells you how much charge passes per unit time
  • so both effect energy transferred to appliance
28
Q

what is the equation for electrical power?

A

-P= I X V
e.p. (W)= current(A) X p.d.(V)
OR
-P= I2 X R
e.p.(W)= current squared (A) X resistance (ohm)

29
Q

what is direct current?

A

-charges move in same direction

30
Q

what is alternating current?

A

-charges constantly changing direction

31
Q

what supplies direct current?

A

cells and batteries

32
Q

what is the UK domestic electric supply (d.c. or a.c.) and whats the voltage and frequency?

A
  • alternating current
  • frequency= 50Hz
  • voltage= 230V
33
Q

what is the function of a live wire in a plug?

A
  • brown
  • carries voltage
  • around 230V
34
Q

what is the function of a neutral wire in a plug?

A
  • blue
  • completes circuit
  • generally electricity goes in live wire and out neutral wire
35
Q

what is the function of the earth wire in a plug?

A
  • green/yellow
  • safety and protecting wiring
  • stop appliance becoming live
36
Q

what is the function of a fuse in a plug?

A

-prevent electrical overloads

37
Q

why should switches and fuses be connected in a live wire of a domestic circuit?

A

-so the current can be broken

38
Q

what is the function of a circuit breaker and why is it better than a fuse?

A
  • will trip instead of melting fuse
  • turn off quicker
  • can be reset instead of replaced like a fuse
39
Q

what is the potential difference between live and earth wires?

A

230V

40
Q

what is the potential difference between the live and neutral wire?

A

230V

41
Q

what is the potential difference between the neutral and earth wire?

A

0V

42
Q

what are the potential dangers of the live wire and earth?

A
  • electrical shock
  • fire
  • current flowing through body

Physics (11 decks)

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